Give the systematic names and the first three digits in the E.C. classifications of the enzymes catalysing the following reactions:

Regarding the physical condition (characteristics of the solution/environment) in which an enzyme finds itself: sometimes enzymes are most active at a certain level and still active but to a lesser degree at a level above or below the optimal level.  Describe the likely reason for the enzyme’s decrement in function at levels other than the optimal level?

Describe the cause and significance of metabolic syndrome.

What are some known disorders or diseases caused by abnormal structure and function of alcohol dehydrogenase?

IDENTIFY THE MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF ENZYME USED TO CATLYZE THE REACTION

A. List all the materials required for beta-oxidation of fatty acids. How does this process differ from the Biosynthesis of fatty acids? B. Outline the pathway involved in the synthesis of cholesterol from six-carbon intermediate Mevalonate. C. Describe all the stages involved in the urea cycle (Transmination, Ammonia Transport, and stages of the urea cycle).

Inhibitors are compounds capable of blocking the catalytic process. Outline with the use of graphs and equations in illustrating the different modes of action of enzyme inhibitors.

Briefly outline the reactions involved in ketone production.

Using the table below, differentiate the effect of two varying pH levels (as indicated by by the color) to the amylase enzyme.  How does pH level affects the enzymatic reaction (enzyme-substrate complex)?   Tube 1 Tube 2 Tube 3 Tube 4 Ingredients StarchAmylaseBuffer pH 7 StarchAmylaseBuffer pH 2 MaltoseWaterBuffer pH 7 StarchWaterBuffer pH 7 Color (1) (2) Orange Blue

B. Consider the following types of cells and their respective conditions: i. a liver cell with non-functional malate-aspartate shuttle* ii. a skeletal muscle cell lacking oxygen iii. a cell with ATP synthase deficiency* * Assume that the deficiency is isolated and will not influence the function of other respiration components In these cells/tissues, determine the following from the catabolism of the 2.5 moles of the disaccharide lactose (which will be hydrolyzed first to yield glucose and galactose). Net ATP from glycolysis b. ATP from oxidative decarboxylation (if applicable) c. ATP formed from Krebs cycle (if applicable) d. Total net ATP