Give the properties of Coronavirus as an immunogen.

Q: The Innate and the adaptive Immune Response of coronavirus explain ?

A: Introduction: The mechanism wherein the body tries to defend itself against potentially harmful or…

Q: Define Influenza virus also state its causes

A: The influenza virus affects your respiratory system, including your nose, throat, and lungs.…

Q: Explain why retroviruses are often considered to be more dangerous than other types of vi uses, and…

A: According to the question, we have to describe why retroviruses are often considered to be more…

Q: Define and explain the bacterial mechanisms of defense against viruses.

A: Introduction :- Bacteria have evolved several mechanisms to defend themselves against viral…

Q: Describe the applications of BCG vaccine.

A: A vaccine is synthesized from a weakened or killed form of a microbe, microbe’s toxins, or surface…

Q: vaccine protein for Rabies

A: Inactivated vaccines Another common method to make the pathogen to be used sage in a vaccine is by…

Q: Describe the unique characteristic of reoviruses and recall thediseases they cause.

A: Viruses are very small and infective particles. These are primarily made up of nucleic acid and…

Q: Recall how AIDS is defined.

A: AIDS is the state of extreme immune impairment due to loss of T cells in the blood that occurs at…

Q: Identify effective terms to describe the behavior of viruses.

A: The following are functional terms to describe a virus.They are not fungi, not even cells, obligate…

Q: Describe the importance of human endogenous retroviruses and include some examples

A: A retrovirus is a virus that utilizes RNA as its hereditary material. At the point when a retrovirus…

Q: “Type I interferons serve as the first line of defence against viral infections”. Give a schematic…

A: Type I interferons (IFNs) indeed serve as the first line of defense against viral infections. They…

Q: Explain why the authors believe that plasma cells are implicated in the infection and recovery of…

A: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory…

Q: Briefly describe how the Salk and Sabin vaccines against poliovirus were generated.

A: Polio also known as poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the virus known as Polio…

Q: Explain the properties of a subunit vaccine. Also explain how these types of vaccines provide…

A: Subunit vaccines are a type of vaccines which contain only selected parts of antigens or purified…

Q: Describe how a vaccine can produce acquired immunity.

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of the immune system of a body to fight infectious agents. They…

Q: Explain the difference between a virus and a retrovirus. Give an example of both.

A: A virus is a microscopic infectious agent that is capable of replicating inside the living cells of…

Q: Adaptive Immunity Briefly describe the adaptive immune response to Canine Parvovirus .

A: Adaptive immunity is likewise referred to as acquired immunity or particular immunity and is only…

Q: Compare and contrast the life cycles of coronavirus and HIV virus.

A: Introduction :- Infection with HIV in humans was first discovered in a Central African chimp. When…

Q: Diagram or describe the replication cycle of HIV-1. Indicate all the steps/stages that can NOT be…

A: The replication cycle of HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1) is a complex process that HIV,…

Q: Explain why HIV targets certain cell types, and describe the ?effects this virus has on the immune…

A: To answer this question you should have knowledge about Immunology. The question asks us to explain…

Q: Explain the connection between plaque formation and lytic bacteriophage.

A: Viruses are obligate parasites and multiply only inside the host cells.

Q: summarizes the multiple defenses against viruses described

A: There are so many pathogens present in our environment and our body uses the different mechanistic…

Q: Describe the main characteristics of retroviruses that make themunique.

A: The only animal virus that integrates their nucleic acid into the host cell's genome during their…

Q: State and explain in detail the Mechanism of influenza virus types C and D

A: Influenza, commonly referred to as the flu, is a contagious viral illness that affects the…

Q: Describe the structure of influenza virus and its spikes.

A: Influenza virus, commonly known as the flu virus is responsible for the infections in the…

Q: For the Coronavirus. Describe its causation in terms of agent, host, and environment. Agent: What…

A: Coronavirus is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Person with Coronavirus have Respiratory…

Q: Viruses have countered the specific immune defense systems by developing “disabling” or “evasion”…

A: Answer :- As we know that It is deep rooted that the viruses have developed wide assortment of…

Q: Explain the characteristics of HIV and its infection that make it achallenging target for the immune…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, which comprise a large and diverse family of…

Q: Explain the mode of action of the herpes viral RNAs and how they confound the immune system.

A: Herpes is foundubiquitous; humans are only natural reservoir (for human herpes)

Q: a. What specific host defenses do immunodeficient, cancer, andAIDS patients lack that make them so…

A: The body is protected against various pathogenic or infectious particles called microbes through an…

Q: What are advantages and disadvantages of the antibody test with the coronavirus?

A: We know that The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for…

Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?

A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…

Q: Compare and contrast the life cycles of influenza virus and coronavirus.

A: Introduction Both influenza (flu) and COVID-19 are contagious respiratory illnesses caused by…

Q: how immunosuppression drugs reactivate herpes simplex virus?

A: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), HSV-1 and HSV-2 causes severe Infections and is a large DNA virus. These…

Q: n the "Vaccine Strategies" figure, multiple vaccination options are presented. Select all options…

A: Vaccine refer to the material used to induce artificial active immunity.  Vaccine is of following…

Q: What are advantages and disadvantages of the antibody test with the coronavirus

A: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the global…

Q: Describe the production of influenza vaccine.

A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious particle that replicates only inside the living cells of an…

Q: Efforts to produce an HIV vaccine have met with limited success. What aspects of the virus and its…

A: The question is about the challenges in developing a vaccine against HIV and what aspects of the…

Q: What is the function of the VPg protein of poliovirus,and how can coronaviruses replicate without a…

A: A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells. Once inside a…

Q: All of the following are true concerning the Alere HIV test except: a)this test can detect…

A: Introduction  HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus which cause AIDS (Acquired…

Q: Explain the importance of GP-41, GP-120, and CD4 to HIVinfection.

A: HIV targets cells pf the immune system, in particular the T cells.

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.