Give the properties of Coronavirus as an immunogen.

Q: What is meant by non-progressor HIV? What is the physiology behind this

A: Non-progressor HIV means an individual is affected by HIV or Human Immune Deficiency Virus but he or…

Q: The Innate and the adaptive Immune Response of coronavirus explain ?

A: Introduction: The mechanism wherein the body tries to defend itself against potentially harmful or…

Q: vaccine protein for Rabies

A: Inactivated vaccines Another common method to make the pathogen to be used sage in a vaccine is by…

Q: Describe the unique characteristic of reoviruses and recall thediseases they cause.

A: Viruses are very small and infective particles. These are primarily made up of nucleic acid and…

Q: Briefly list three mechanisms by which monoclonal antibodies that bind to viruses or virally…

A: Microscopically small infectious organisms known as viruses can only replicate inside the cells of…

Q: Explain the difference between the oral polio vaccine and the inactivated polio vaccine, and under…

A: Poliomyelitis is a virus infection. The poliovirus affects the brain, muscles, and spinal cord. The…

Q: Discuss the process of immunosuppression in patients with viral infections, specifically those with…

A: The infections caused by viruses affects  individuals in a variety of ways. Generally, the infection…

Q: Describe the importance of human endogenous retroviruses and include some examples

A: A retrovirus is a virus that utilizes RNA as its hereditary material. At the point when a retrovirus…

Q: Briefly describe how the Salk and Sabin vaccines against poliovirus were generated.

A: Polio also known as poliomyelitis, is an infectious disease caused by the virus known as Polio…

Q: Explain the properties of a subunit vaccine. Also explain how these types of vaccines provide…

A: Subunit vaccines are a type of vaccines which contain only selected parts of antigens or purified…

Q: Describe how a vaccine can produce acquired immunity.

A: Immunity is defined as the ability of the immune system of a body to fight infectious agents. They…

Q: Adaptive Immunity Briefly describe the adaptive immune response to Canine Parvovirus .

A: Adaptive immunity is likewise referred to as acquired immunity or particular immunity and is only…

Q: What is a major mechanism by which HIV damages the immune system in AIDS?

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: Diagram or describe the replication cycle of HIV-1. Indicate all the steps/stages that can NOT be…

A: The replication cycle of HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1) is a complex process that HIV,…

Q: Explain why HIV targets certain cell types, and describe the ?effects this virus has on the immune…

A: To answer this question you should have knowledge about Immunology. The question asks us to explain…

Q: interferons and of NK cells in fighting viruses

A: Neutral Killer cells or NK cells are a type of Lymphocyte apart from the very well known T and B…

Q: Explain the connection between plaque formation and lytic bacteriophage.

A: Viruses are obligate parasites and multiply only inside the host cells.

Q: summarizes the multiple defenses against viruses described

A: There are so many pathogens present in our environment and our body uses the different mechanistic…

Q: Describe the main characteristics of retroviruses that make themunique.

A: The only animal virus that integrates their nucleic acid into the host cell's genome during their…

Q: a) Role of HLA genes in immunology in detail?

A: The study of the immune system, an important part of medical and biological science, is called…

Q: For the Coronavirus. Describe its causation in terms of agent, host, and environment. Agent: What…

A: Coronavirus is a disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. Person with Coronavirus have Respiratory…

Q: Can host-cell defense molecules be mobilized by drugs to fight infection?

A: Defense mechanism in a human body is divided into two main categories: Innate (the defense mechanism…

Q: Describe the six types of antigen preparations for making vaccines.

A: Vaccines are basically preparations of biological components that help develop an immune response…

Q: Viruses have countered the specific immune defense systems by developing “disabling” or “evasion”…

A: Answer :- As we know that It is deep rooted that the viruses have developed wide assortment of…

Q: Explain the characteristics of HIV and its infection that make it achallenging target for the immune…

A: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, which comprise a large and diverse family of…

Q: Describe some factors that weaken host defenses and increase susceptibility to infection.

A: Introduction   We are surrounded by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus etc. Every…

Q: Explain the mode of action of the herpes viral RNAs and how they confound the immune system.

A: Herpes is foundubiquitous; humans are only natural reservoir (for human herpes)

Q: Write the full form of HIV.

A: Introduction  We are surrounded by wide variety of pathogens and the list is continue growing as the…

Q: What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? Include some symptoms associated with each.

A: Infection with HIV destroys the CD4 cells that helps to fight against infections. AIDS is the last…

Q: Explain one mechanism of antibody action against viruses.

A: 1. The viruses are internalized by the macrophages by phagocytosis.  2. Then they process the virus…

Q: Why do certain drugs become immunogenic to the host?

A: Introduction :- Immunogenicity, which is defined as a cell or tissue's capacity to elicit an immune…

Q: List two to three qualities of the norovirus that make it so infectious.

A: The Norovirus comes under the Calciviridae classification of viruses. It is a highly contagious…

Q: Explain the multifaceted role of interferons as first responders to viral infection: Identify…

A: INTRODUCTION : Interferons : Interferons are a type of antiviral cytokines(proteins) which act as a…

Q: plain the term immunoglobulin (IG)

A: Edelman is one who has discovered whereas the immune serum globulin was treated with…

Q: Explain how we can support HIV in a bullet form.

A: HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus is causative organism causing AIDS- Acquired Immunodeficiency…

Q: hortly discuss the different immunodeficiency and immunoproliferative disorders and include the…

A: Immunodeficiency diseases: Immunodeficiency diseases elicit the immune system to fail, resulting in…

Q: Explain the role of HIV protease during the process of HIV maturation.

A: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a virus which belongs to the genus Lentivirus. This family of…

Viral Infections

Viruses are abundantly found, minute entities that have genetic material enclosed within a protein coat. The proteinaceous material enclosing the genetic material of the virus is called a capsid. The genetic material could be either DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) or RNA (ribonucleic acid). A virus is too minute to be looked at with naked eyes and therefore visualized with the help of a microscope. They are acellular entities that require a host for processes, such as replication, transcription, translation and multiplication. Plants, animals, and bacteria act as host wherein the virus reproduce. Viruses cannot multiply outside the host's body and thus are considered nonliving outside the host body.