Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion Identify the role of natural selection in the evolution of skin color. What role does folate and vitamin D have? How do they differ? How can someone maximize folate and vitamin D levels? Does natural selection still relate to skin color in human populations? If so, how would you expect human skin color to change in human populations in the future?
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- Apply the VIDA table to the evolution of sickle cell disease to justify whether it is an instance of evolution by natural selection. Answer the following questions. Is there variation in this trait in the population? How exactly does it vary? Is the trait at least partly inherited? Is there selection for this trait in a particular environment? (What is the selective pressure? And how does a trait give an advantage or disadvantage in that environment?) What is the evidence that this trait makes organisms better adapted to their environment?The dog breed West Highland Terrier is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of the breed and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?Skin color in humans is an example of an evolutionary trade-off: a situation where a trait that is an advantage in one context is a disadvantage in a different context. Darker skin protects DNA from damage due to ultraviolet radiation (an advantage) but makes it harder for the body to produce vitamin D (a disadvantage). Based on what you’ve learned, which of the following describe other examples of evolutionary trade-offs? Select all that apply.
- Suppose there is a type of deleterious mutation in a particular human gene that causes death very late in life. Such mutations happen in about one in every million births, and can be passed on to descendants. Which statement about this allele is false? At equilibrium, the frequency of this allele will be zero. Selection against this mutation is weak compared to an allele that causes death at an earlier age. Medical advances that extend human lifespan will increase selection against this allele. Selection against this allele depends on the rate of extrinsic mortality.#21 Answer the following questions about evolution. Number responses according to the questions (1-4). How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of answer, provide an example. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would someone expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what someone see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could someone see if they returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell them mutations had occurred? Describe what they would see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what they would see in #2. If dark skin helps protect…#21 Answer the following questions about evolution. Number responses according to the questions (1-4). (short answers are fine) How can negative traits that don't show up until old age continue in populations? (Why aren't they eliminated through natural selection?) As part of answer, provide an example. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If natural selection occurs in this population, what would someone expect to see if you returned in 100 mouse generations? Describe what someone see in terms of fur colors in the population. Imagine a population of mice living in a grey, rocky environment. Some mice are grey and some are brown. If mutations occur in this population, what could someone see if they returned in 100 mouse generations, that would tell them mutations had occurred? Describe what they would see in terms of fur colors in the population, and how it would be different from what they would see in #2. If…
- Genetic variation is the product of completely random events, but acting upon this randomness is a very nonrandom process called natural selection. Explain or give an example.Identify and describe (explain) the four forces of evolution. Imagine a scenario where a population of lizards encounters another population of lizards and interbreeding occurs. Over time, how would the genetic variation look within each population of lizards (would it increase or decrease)? Now imagine you have sandy beaches that are inhabited by populations of crabs that are red or yellow or green. Somehow one of the beaches becomes more and more filled with golden sand while the others stay multicolored. Over time, how would the genetic variation look between the populations on the beaches?Choose an organism that is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of your organism and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?
- Some worms eat at night (meaning they are nocturnal) and some worms eat during the day (meaning they are diurnal.) Most birds eat only during the day, so they are only eating diurnal worms, due to the fact that the nocturnal worms are burrowing during this time. Each spring when the worms reproduce about 500 offspring are born but only 100 of them live long enough to reproduce themselves. Explain how natural selection will occur and include the 4 principals of natural selection.In Africa we find albinism in around 1 in every 5,000 individuals. This is puzzling, because albinism may reduce survival, for instance due to increased risk of skin cancer. What evolutionary mechanism (natural selection, mutation, genetic drift, or gene flow) is a viable explanation for the consistent observation of a few children born with albinism each generation and why?You are studying a species of beetle known as a Flumbodoodle Beetle. The beetle has long spikes on its shell to defend itself from potential predators. You are interested in studying evolution in this beetle. Which of the following studies do you not need to conduct to determine if the long spike trait can evolve by natural selection. a. A study that determines whether beetles with longer spikes survive and reproduce better than beetles with shorter spikes. b. A study that measures the spike length variation across multiple individuals in a population. c. A study where you measure the spike length on the parents and a study where you measure the spike length on the offspring. d. A study that determines whether these spikes on the beetle are also used in mate choice contexts.