Gap analysis predicts that a decrease in interest rates will result in a rise in bank profits when the bank borrows long term and lends short term so that duration exposure is large. the quantity of rate sensitive assets is greater than the quantity of rate sensitive liabilities. the quantity of rate sensitive liabilities is greater than the quantity of rate sensitive assets. there is an increase in the default risk pre ium for junk bonds above investment grade bonds.
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- It is January 1 of year 0, and Merck is trying to determine whether to continue development of a new drug. The following information is relevant. You can assume that all cash flows occur at the ends of the respective years. Clinical trials (the trials where the drug is tested on humans) are equally likely to be completed in year 1 or 2. There is an 80% chance that clinical trials will succeed. If these trials fail, the FDA will not allow the drug to be marketed. The cost of clinical trials is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 100 million, most likely case 150 million, and worst case 250 million. Clinical trial costs are incurred at the end of the year clinical trials are completed. If clinical trials succeed, the drug will be sold for five years, earning a profit of 6 per unit sold. If clinical trials succeed, a plant will be built during the same year trials are completed. The cost of the plant is assumed to follow a triangular distribution with best case 1 billion, most likely case 1.5 billion, and worst case 2.5 billion. The plant cost will be depreciated on a straight-line basis during the five years of sales. Sales begin the year after successful clinical trials. Of course, if the clinical trials fail, there are no sales. During the first year of sales, Merck believe sales will be between 100 million and 200 million units. Sales of 140 million units are assumed to be three times as likely as sales of 120 million units, and sales of 160 million units are assumed to be twice as likely as sales of 120 million units. Merck assumes that for years 2 to 5 that the drug is on the market, the growth rate will be the same each year. The annual growth in sales will be between 5% and 15%. There is a 25% chance that the annual growth will be 7% or less, a 50% chance that it will be 9% or less, and a 75% chance that it will be 12% or less. Cash flows are discounted 15% per year, and the tax rate is 40%. Use simulation to model Mercks situation. Based on the simulation output, would you recommend that Merck continue developing? Explain your reasoning. What are the three key drivers of the projects NPV? (Hint: The way the uncertainty about the first year sales is stated suggests using the General distribution, implemented with the RISKGENERAL function. Similarly, the way the uncertainty about the annual growth rate is stated suggests using the Cumul distribution, implemented with the RISKCUMUL function. Look these functions up in @RISKs online help.)Evaluating the credit quality of debt using traditional measures such as ratings are an example of which type of risk? aLiquidity Risk b.Interest Rate Risk c.Credit Risk d.Market Risk5. Consider a 2-year CDS. Assume the conditional default probability is 9% in year 1 and 11% in year 2. Calculate the present value of the expected CDS payout per $1 of notional principal. Assume a 4% riskfree rate and 20% recovery given default.
- Which of the following statements describes the payment amounts over the life of an ARM? A) Payments will remain constant for the life of the loan. B) Payments may go up or down in relation to the index rate. C) Payments may go up or down in relation to the margin rate. D) Payments may go up or down in relation to the equity in the property.A certificate of deposit will often result in a penalty for withdrawing funds before the maturity date. If the penalty involves two months of interest, what would be the amount for early withdrawal on a CD worth $24,000 at 5 percent?Why might a borrower prefer a fully amortizing loan over an adjustable-rate mortgage? О The monthly mortgage payment will remain constant throughout the term of the loan The principal and interest payment varies each month. The payment towards interest increases as the loan is amortized. The interest rate may increase over the term of the loan
- A borrower wants to lower the amount of money they pay in interest over the life of a loan. Which of these tactics is best for decreasing the amount of interest the borrower would pay? making payments small enough to create negative amortization never defaulting on a monthly payment making monthly payments on a non- amortized loan making biweekly payments on an amortized loanAll financial institutions provide different financial products and services that expose them to different types of risks that require different risk mitigating practices and techniques. These risks include; credit risk liquidity risk, interest rate risk, market risk, foreign exchange risk, solvency risks, operational risks and model risk. Which of the following is not true about credit risk? Select one: a. Performance risk is similar to credit risk. The borrower´s performance on an operation or specific project determines the degree of transaction risk. b. Measures based on the credit quality of the debt. As ratings are ordinal measures, they are sufficient to value credit risk. c. The risk of the issuers and borrowers are evaluated in prices in a capital market setting and can be seen visibly, or through credit spreads, or as add-ons to the risk-free rate. d. Credit risk is similar to country risk, which is essentially the risk crisis in a country. Examples of…Find the accumulated value 28 years after the first payment is made of an annuity on which there are 5 payments of $200 each made at four year intervals. The nominal interest rate convertible semiannually is 6% Round your answer to two decimal places. 5130 14
- Scenario Your corporation has just approved an 8-year expansion plan to grow its market share. The plan requires an influx of cash in each of the 8 years. Management wants to develop a financial plan to ensure the cash needed for the expansion will be available at the beginning of each of the 8 years. The corporation has the following investment options: Security Price per unit Return Rate (%) Years to Maturity 1 $1,200 10.255 5 2 $1,000 6.7550 6 3 $1,175 12.110 7 Savings Account 5.500 Each unit of security 1, 2, and 3 guarantees to pay $1,000 at maturity. Investments in these securities must take place only at the beginning of year 1 and will be held until maturity. Any funds not invested in securities will be invested in a savings account that pays the annual interest rates noted above. The following table summarizes the cash needs for the expansion plan for each of the 8 years: Year 1 = $250,000 Year 5 = $295,000…A homebuyer recently obtained a loan to purchase a house. The lender offered a lower interest rate because the loan is secured. Why would a real estate loan be considered a secure loan? О The loan is backed by the property itself. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can sell the property to get their money back. O In order to qualify for a home loan, the borrower must have good credit. Good credit is a form of security for the lender. O All real estate loans are considered unsecure. O Most home loans are long-term loans, which are considered low-risk from the lender's perspective.We need to choose best among the three available investment alternatives high-risk stock, low-risk stock and savings account. Fixed payoff o: 500€ for savings account for the deposited amount. 200€ fixed fee needs to be paid towards trading charges. Payoffs details depends on market conditions as mentioned below. Which investment option you will choose and why? If you need any more details to solve this problem, please make your assumptions and list all the assumptions that you made. Market Up Market Same Market Down High Risk 1700 300 -800 Low Risk 1200 400 100 Probability 0.5 0.3 0.2