Four factors are considered when determining a person’s biological sex: 1) chromosomes, 2) hormones, 3) primary sex characteristics that are features essential for sexual reproduction (internal reproductive structures and external genitalia), and 4) secondary sex characteristics, features that typically appear during puberty and are different between the sexes, but are not directly involved in reproduction (for example, females typically have enlarged breasts and widened hips; and males typically have increased facial and body hair, increased muscle mass, and a larger Adam’s apple). Given that the top male athletes outcompete the top female athletes by about 10% in most sports, provide a justification for how each of these four factors is or is not likely to contribute to performance differences between sexes. Factor that helps determine biological sex Likely to affect athletic performance? (Y/N) Justification Chromosomes Hormones Primary sex characteristics Secondary sex characteristics
Four factors are considered when determining a person’s biological sex: 1) chromosomes, 2) hormones, 3) primary sex characteristics that are features essential for sexual reproduction (internal reproductive structures and external genitalia), and 4) secondary sex characteristics, features that typically appear during puberty and are different between the sexes, but are not directly involved in reproduction (for example, females typically have enlarged breasts and widened hips; and males typically have increased facial and body hair, increased muscle mass, and a larger Adam’s apple). Given that the top male athletes outcompete the top female athletes by about 10% in most sports, provide a justification for how each of these four factors is or is not likely to contribute to performance differences between sexes.
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Factor that helps determine biological sex |
Likely to affect athletic performance? (Y/N) |
Justification |
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Chromosomes |
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Hormones |
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Primary sex characteristics |
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Secondary sex characteristics |
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