Fossils of an extinct giant sloth were found to be similar to a smaller species of sloth presently inhabiting the same region. This similarity could be best explained on the basis of which of the following? * Modern forms have evolved from earlier forms Independent assortment no answer Principle of use and disuse Inheritance of acquired traits Which of the following organisms is most closely related to each other? * MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CODES Organism DNA Codes American black bear ATT GGA GCA GÁC TIA Giant panda ATT GGC AСТ ААТ СТА Red panda АTT GGA AСТ ААС СТ Raccoon АТC GGA TсТ ААС СТ American black bear and giant panda Red panda and raccoon no answer Giant panda and red panda O Raccoon and American black bear

Fossils of an extinct giant sloth were found to be similar to a smaller species of sloth presently inhabiting the same region. This similarity could be best explained on the basis of which of the following? * Modern forms have evolved from earlier forms Independent assortment no answer Principle of use and disuse Inheritance of acquired traits Which of the following organisms is most closely related to each other? * MITOCHONDRIAL DNA CODES Organism DNA Codes American black bear ATT GGA GCA GÁC TIA Giant panda ATT GGC AСТ ААТ СТА Red panda АTT GGA AСТ ААС СТ Raccoon АТC GGA TсТ ААС СТ American black bear and giant panda Red panda and raccoon no answer Giant panda and red panda O Raccoon and American black bear

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 25QP: Genomics and Human Evolution The Denisovan genome contains sequences that originated from an unknown...

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

aterials Spirochaetes are free-living, anaerobic bacteria that contain spiral-shaped cells. Nematodes are roundworms that are incredibly diverse and, as a group, have adapted to survive in all environments. Which of the following statements accurately describes the DNA of both groups? * pdates ades embers nferences The spirochaete genome is smaller than the nematode genome. Q Online Nematode DNA is circular. sela Spirochaete chromosomes are composed of just DNA while nematode chromosomes also include specialized proteins. on Periods 1 and 2 eriods MP1, Highschool chool MP3, Spirochaete DNA is linear. MP4 Operons are clusters of genes that are regulated as a group. They can be characterized as either repressible or inducible. What is the main difference between the two? * d Thu Fri INTL 1
Michael Bunce and his colleagues in England, Canada, and theUnited States extracted and sequenced mitochondrial DNA from fossilsof Haast’s eagle, a gigantic eagle that was driven to extinction 700 yearsago when humans first arrived in New Zealand (M. Bunce et al. 2005.PLOS Biology 3:44–46). Using mitochondrial DNA sequences fromliving eagle species and those from Haast’s-eagle fossils, they createdthe accompanying phylogenetic tree. On this phylogenetic tree, identify(a) all nodes; (b) one example of a branch; and (c) the outgroup.
the evolutionary relationship between mode O Humans are descended from chimpanzees O Humans and chimpanzees had a common ancestor several millior ears ago Humans and chimpanzees had a common ancestor several million years ago; sinc Chimpanzees are more closely related to gorillas than they are to humans QUESTION 2 Which of the following statements about hominins is FALSE? ALS Each hominin species on Earth was directly descended from the species that preced Multiple hominin species lived at the same time The genus homo arose about 2.5 million years ago We have now discovered a vast number of hominin fossils, allowing us to trace the e QUESTION 3 Which of the following are ways in which early hominins differed from apes? (select al
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
a. Phylogenetic relationships based on chloroplast genes Brown algae Diatoms Most photosynthetic dinoflagellates Cryptophyte algae Red algae Red algae Green algae Euglenids Green algae Chlorarachniophyte algae Green algae Green algae Green algae Green algae Land plants Glaucocystophytes Cyanobacteria b. Phylogenetic relationships based on nuclear genes Opisthokonts Amoebozoans Glaucocystophytes Red algae Green algae (including land plants) Cryptophyte algae 140000 Diatoms Brown algae Dinoflagellates Chlorarachniophyte algae Chloroplast genes relate brown algae, diatoms, most dinoflagellates, and cryptophyte algae to red algae, which is different from the relationships based on nuclear genes shown in part b. -Excavates Chloroplast genes relate euglenids and chlorarachniophyte algae to green algae, which is different from the relationships based on nuclear genes shown in part b. Chloroplasts form a monophyletic group nested within cyanobacteria, providing strong evidence for the…
Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small pelvis and leg bones that are rermnants from this ancestor. What are these called? * O Vestigial structure Homologous strucre O Sympatric structure Molecular homology
Knowledge of the genomes of ancient homininsmight help us better understand not only the evolutionaryhistory of hominins, but also the traits that differ between usand our relatives—the traits that make us human. Our understandingof the functions of different genes is growing rapidly,so detailed comparisons of our genes to those present in, say,Neanderthals and Denisovans are very revealing. What do youthink are the functions most likely to be related to the geneticdifferences between us and our hominin relatives?
Just as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings of flightlessbirds, genetic homology can lead to vestigial DNA sequences.For example, most mammal species produce an enzyme,L-gulonolactone oxidase, that catalyzes the last step in the productionof vitamin C. The species that produce the enzyme areable to do so because they all inherited the gene that encodesit from a common ancestor. Humans, however, do not produceL-gulonolactone oxidase, so we can’t produce vitamin C ourselvesand must consume it in our diets. But even though wedon’t produce the enzyme, our cells do contain a stretch of DNAwith a sequence very similar to that of the enzyme-producinggene present in rats and most other mammals. The human version,though, does not encode the enzyme (or any protein). Weinherited this stretch of DNA from an ancestor that we share withother mammal species, but in us, the sequence has undergonea change that rendered it nonfunctional. (The…
Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lin-eages. For example, the rate of evolution in the rat lineageis significantly higher than in the human lineage. Theserate differences are apparent whether one looks at changesin nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are sub-ject to selective pressure or at changes in noncoding nucle-otide sequences, which are not under obvious selectionpressure. Can you offer one or more possible explanationsfor the slower rate of evolutionary change in the humanlineage versus the rat lineage?
Full or partial limblessness has evolved many times invertebrates (snakes, lizards, manatees, whales). Do youexpect the mutations that occurred in the evolution oflimblessness to be in the coding or noncoding sequencesof toolkit genes? Why?
56) The human body contains structures that are needed for survival, or in the case of vestigial structures, were needed for survivalL Wisdom teeth, seen here, are vestigial third molars. Human ancestors had larger jaws with more teeth. Over thousands of years, man no longer needed the third molar, and they became the source of dental problems rather than an aid in survival How does this vestigial structure support the theory of natural selection? ht ing The size of man's cranial cavity evolved. With increased cranial cavity size, the size of man's brain also grew. This resulted in a smaller jaw and no 14 A) room for the third molars. Agriculture and the use of fire changed what and how man ate and need for these teeth diminished over time. Jaw size and shaped evolved and there was insufficient room for the third molars. he B) The climate on Earth changed from very cold to tropical The tropical climate on Earth lead to a change in the diet of humans and that lead to the need for sharp,…
This organism is an animal. What can you infer about its bodystructure and lifestyle (that might not be obvious from itsappearance)? This animal has a protostome developmentalpattern and a trochophore larva. Identify the major clades thatthis animal belongs to. Explain your selection, and describe whenthese clades originated and how they are related to one another.