For the following 2D image apply the 3x3 Maximum Filter with zero padding

Given the image below f(x,y), and the filter h(x,y), perform a convolution and calculate the new filtered pixel values for pixel c in the filtered image.

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The pixels in a 3 x 3 image sub-block are as follows: 3 4 2 9 ? 1 3 7 3 (a) Estimate the unknown pixel in the center using both a mean and a median estimator. (b) Repeat if the pixel of value 1 is changed to 25. Are both the mean and median affected? Why or why not?

How do global illumination algorithms contribute to the realism of rendered 3D scenes?