Following are two problems using a rail fence cipher. Prove both of your answers by showing the steps involved in encryption/decryption.  As [art of this problem you must also show the steps involved in reversing what you are being asked for.  a.Using a rail fence cipher with a depth of 2 encrypt the following message: The bird is a raven b.Reverse the steps to decrypt your answer and explain the steps a. Using a rail fence cipher with zig zag pattern and a depth of 3 decrypt the following message:       MAEKN   ETTHPRAOEM  ETATP b.Reverse the steps to encrypt your answer and explain the steps.

DO NOT COPY AND PASTE FROM CHEGG. YOU WILL GET A THUMBS DOWN

1. Asymmetric Encryption and Message Authentication:      a) The primitive root of a prime number is the basic principle of Diffie-Hellman.         i) Is 3 the primitive root of 11? Show the proof with your calculation.        ii) What are the important criteria for selecting a prime number in cryptography? Is 11 a good choice for such a purpose?    b) Find the parameters stated using the Diffie-Hellman methods, given the user A and B shared a prime number and its primitive root of 23 and 5, respectively.         i) If user A public key value is 8, find the A’s private key.        ii) If user B public key value is 19, what is the common secret key?   c) In the following scenario, we will compare the security services that are given by digital signatures (DS) and message authentication codes (MAC). We assume that James can read all messages send from Chan to Badrul and the other way around, too. James has no knowledge of any keys but the public one in the case of DS. State whether and…

A.Given p=25, q=9, and e=7, generate the public key (n,e) and the private key (n,d) using the RSA Key generation algorithm. (Use Excel for computations) b. Given Bob's public key of (85, 7) and private key of (85, 55), show how Alice can encrypt m=3 to send to Bob. Show the ciphertext. c. Given Bob's public key of (85, 7) and private key of (85, 55), show how Bob can decrypt the ciphertext y=2 received from Alice. Show the plaintext. d. Using the fast exponentiation method, determine 530 mod 47. Show your work.

8. Also, in the Caesar cipher you could not encrypt two different letters to be the same letter (meaning if “p" → "S" then nothing else can go to “S"). Is this true of the Vigen'ere cipher too?

I need help with the following problems in cryptography. A. Encrypt the message “Freedom” using the Playfair matrix M F H I K U N O P Q Z V W X Y E L A R G D S T B C T B. Construct the Playfair matrix with the keyword “LARGEST” and encrypt the message “Freedom” again. C. Compare the results obtained in A and B. How do you account for these results?

Perform encryption and decryption using the RSA algorithm for the letter "S". Show all steps in details when p=5 , q=7 , e=5.

(10) Alice wants to set up an RSA public key encryption for Bob, and she decides to use the two primes p = 31 and p = 61 and the encryption key e = 17. If Bob wants to send her the message M = 40, what will the encoded message be? What is Alice's decryption key?

Chapter 8: Problem 9 Previous Problem Problem List Next Problem Results for this submission Entered 49 146 Answer Preview Result 49 146 incorrect incorrect At least one of the answers above is NOT correct. (1 point) Alice and Bob are using the ElGamal cipher with the parameters p = 193 and a = = 5. = = Alice makes the mistake of using the same ephemeral key for two plaintexts, x1 and x 2. The eavesdropper Eve suspects that x1 146. She sees the two ciphertexts y1 = 141 and y2 = = 167 in transit; these are the encryptions of x1 and x2, respectively. a) What is the masking key kм? 49 b) What is the plaintext x2 ? 146

Encrypt the first 4 letters of your last name as a block of data to be encrypted. (Let A=1, B=2, C=3,...Z=26). Decrypt the encrypted number to demonstrate that your system works.   lastname is john