A. According to Gould and Vrba (1982), when the original cooling function of insect appendages was changed to flying, this is an example of a. inheritance. b. exaptation. c. apatation. d. adaptation. B. When primates first evolved away from their mammalian ancestors, they a. developed a larger and more complex brain. b. increased their reliance on the sense of smell. c. increased the number of canines (for meat-eating). d. all of the above

Which sequence of events in human evolution is most widely accepted? A.   increase in brain size, tool-use, bipedalism, movement out of Africa B.   tool-use, bipedalism, increase in brain size, use of fire C.   bipedalism, increase in brain size, tool-use D.   tool-use, use of fire, increase in brain size E.   bipedalism, tool-use, increase in brain size How do we know that the footprints discovered by Mary Leakey’s team at the site of Laetoli are those of bipedal hominids?     A.   There is no evidence of a divergent big toe B.   The stride width and length were similar to modern humans C.   There is evidence of an arch D.   all of these E.   A and C only   Which of the following were the first to arrive to the Western Hemisphere? A.   Modern Homo sapiens B.   Archaic Homo sapiens C.   Homo erectus D.   Neanderthals

Despite the differences in neck length, mice, humans, and giraffes all have seven cervical vertebrae. This is an illustration of A. missing links. B. homologous structures. C. vestigial structures. D. analogous structures.

In your Introduction to Biological Anthropology class, your instructor asks you to examine a fossil skull and determine which species it is. You note there is a sagittal keel at the top of the skull. Based on this information alone, to which species does the skull belong? A. Australopithecus boisei B. Homo habilis C. Australopithecus garhi D. Homo erectus

Differentiate Australopithecus afarensis from Australopithecus africanus. Basis A. afarensis A. africanus a. Discoverer     b. cultural means of adaptation     c. diet     d. greatest achievement     e. size of the skull     f. brain mass     g. timeline of survival on earth     h. specific habitat     i. height and size

Fossil insects many times larger than any insects alive today have been dated to the Carboniferous and Permian periods. These fossils are evidence that during these periods a. the climate was much warmer than it is today. b. the oxygen concentration of the atmosphere was significantly higher than it is today. c. the carbon dioxide concentration of the atmosphere was lower than it is today. d. insects had fewer competitors for food than modern insects. e. there were fewer predators on insects than there are today.

According to "The Complex Evolution of Homo sapiens", where were the earliest fossils that are potentially Homo sapiens found? How old are they?    A.Morocco - 3 million years old B.Kenya - 300,000 years old C.Morocco - 300,000 years old D.Tibet - 300,000 years old     A.Ivory rings B.Jewelry from stone and marble C.Needles made from bone D.Both A and B E.A, B and C

What (accurate) prediction did the evolutionary hypothesis of aging make that differed from the pattern predicted by the rate of living hypothesis? Group of answer choices a. large animals live longer than small animals b. small animals live longer than large animals c. mammals should live longer than birds d. birds should live longer than mammals e. some animals should live forever

Taphonomic analysis of Neanderthal remains has found that they have a pattern of trauma similar to that seen in modern-day rodeo riders. This was interpreted to mean that Neanderthals: A. Had projectile weapons and could hunt large game from a distance. B. Were riding large animals like horses and reindeer. C. Had hostile interactions with modern humans migrating into the area. D. Were a war-like species that fought amongst themselves a lot. E. Had to hunt large game at close range.

Long bearded macaques are a (hypothetical) species of monkey who grow long white hair on their faces. A team of scientists studying a population of long bearded macaques notices that males with longer hair get more opportunities to mate and father more offspring. They hypothesize that long hair is adaptive in male monkeys. How should they test their hypothesis? a. Look for evidence of hair in the ancestors of macaques. b. Determine whether macaque hair length is heritable. c. Test if other traits in male macaques are also adaptive d. Test if male macaques who have had their faces shaved are still able to mate.* O e. Measure hair length of female macaques.