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Biological systems ore organized into organisms, followed by communities, populations, ecosystems, and biospheres.
A survivorship curve is a graph of the number of individuals surviving at each age interval versus time. In a type I curve, early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. In a type II curve mortality is equally likely to occur at any point in the life span. In a type III curve, mortality is low in the early on and occurs mostly in older individuals.
Predation is when individuals of one population (predators) that kill and then consume the individuals of another population (prey). Herbivory is when animals consume living plant tissue. Competition is when two organisms fight over the same
Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism is a relationship where both species benefit.
A foundation species is considered the “base” or “bedrock” of a community, having the greatest influence on its overall structure. A colonizing species is the first species to live in barren environments. A climax community is the equilibrium state a community stays at until the next disturbance.
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