Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134580999
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Biological systems ore organized into organisms, followed by communities, populations, ecosystems, and biospheres.

A survivorship curve is a graph of the number of individuals surviving at each age interval versus time. In a type I curve, early ages experience the highest mortality with much lower mortality rates for organisms that make it to advanced years. In a type II curve mortality is equally likely to occur at any point in the life span. In a type III curve, mortality is low in the early on and occurs mostly in older individuals.

Predation is when individuals of one population (predators) that kill and then consume the individuals of another population (prey). Herbivory is when animals consume living plant tissue. Competition is when two organisms fight over the same resource.

Commensalism is a relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. Mutualism is a relationship where both species benefit. Parasitism is a relationship where the interaction harms one species and benefits the other.

A foundation species is considered the “base” or “bedrock” of a community, having the greatest influence on its overall structure. A colonizing species is the first species to live in barren environments. A climax community is the equilibrium state a community stays at until the next disturbance.

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