
Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Transcribed Image Text:**Find a countermodel for each of the following wffs:**
1. \(\exists x \, p(x) \rightarrow \forall x \, p(x)\)
2. \(\forall x \, (p(x, f(x)) \rightarrow p(x, y))\)
In this context, "wffs" stands for "well-formed formulas," which are logical expressions constructed using the syntax rules of a formal language. A countermodel is an interpretation under which the given formula is false. The task involves finding interpretations or examples where these logical formulas do not hold universally.
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- Part 3 Implement a function to compute (RMSE) given an RDD of (label, prediction) tuples: Test this function on an example RDD. RMSE n i=1 (Yi - y)²arrow_forward3. Consider the formula A=Vx (p(x) V q(x)) → (Vxp(x) Vrq(x)). (a) Show that A is valid. (b) Show that the converse of A is not valid.arrow_forwardGiven interpretations (a) (Vx) (y) P(x, y) → (x)(Vy) P(x, y) (b) (Vx) [P(x) → Q(x)] → [(x) P(x) → (Vx)Q(x)] (c) (Vx)[A(x)]' → [(Vx)A(x)]' to prove that each of the following wffs is not valid.arrow_forward
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