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Examining Effects of Chemical Modifiers on Heart Rate
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Drug |
Classification |
Effect on Heart Rate |
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Epinephrine |
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Acetylcholine |
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Atropine |
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Solved in 3 steps
- Autorhythmic cells in the SA node intrinsically fire at a rate of - 90 action potentials per minute. At rest, the heart rate is lowered primarily through modulation by: O Decreased delivery of acetylcholine and increased delivery of norepinephrine Increased delivery of acetylcholine and decreased delivery of norepinephrine Cardiac contractile cells Decreased delivery of acetylcholine and decreased delivery of norepinephrine Increased delivery of acetylcholine and increased delivery of norepinephrine O O OComponent Amplitude(mV) Duration (s) P wave 0.046 0.07 QRS complex 0.839 0.08 T wave 0.061 0.2 Describe the physiological events in the heart muscle represented by each ECG component (the P wave, the QRS complex, and T wave). Why does the QRS complex have the largest amplitude?Be able to describe the significance of ryanodine receptors found on the SR of cardiac contractile cells.
- Ventricular relaxation immediately follows ________. atrial depolarization ventricular repolarization ventricular depolarization atrial repolarizationThere are three major factors that affect stroke volume and therefore affect cardiac output: afterload, preload, and contractility. Explain how and why each of these factors affects cardiac output. Each answer must explain what the factor is as well as how it affects cardiac output.Cardiomyocyte action potential 3 4 5 2 1 0.15 0.30 time (s) For our course, "regular" cardiocytes are cardiocytes that are NOT part of the SA node. Please use the word bank to complete the following statements: (choices can be used more than once, obviously) voltage-gated calcium channels voltage-gated sodium channels voltage-gated potassium channels stable not stable Unlike SA node cardiocytes, regular cardiocytes have a resting membrane potential that is Regular cardiocytes become stimulated when calcium and sodium pass fro neighboring excited cardiocytes through gap junctions (see 1). This causes to open, resulting in the regular cardiocytes to sharply depolarize (see 2). At 3, these channels close, and open, resulting in both depolarization and sarcomere contraction. Also at 3, open, causing the cell to repolarize. The opposing forces, (depolarization and repolarization) of the two channels that are open simultaneously, results in a plateau (see 4). This plateau continues until…
- MEASUREMENT OF PULSE RATE Give the pulse rate in the following conditions, explain the changes of pulse rate on every activity. Activity Pulse Rate (Radial Pulse) Pulse rate (Carotid Pulse) Explanation while sitting/resting After standing for 15 minutes After running for 15 minutes Before eating/when hungry Immediately after eatingParasympathetic stimulation decreases the heart rate by Decreasing permeability of SA node cells to Ca2+ increasing ion influx, thus increasing the rate of depolarization. Increasing the permeability of SA node cells to Ca2+. Increasing the permeability of SA (sinoatrial) node cells to K+.Describe the redistribution of cardiac output during exercise to the CNS, coronary, splanchnic, cutaneous, and skeletal muscle vascular beds during sustained exercise (distance running).
