( Figure 1.9 Classification of matter. All Matter pure matter is classified ultimately as either an element or a compound. NO Is it uniform throughout? YES Heterogeneous mixture Homogeneous Does it have a variable NO YES composition? Homogeneous mixture Pure substance (solution) Does it contain more than one kind of atom? NO YES Element Compound
States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
Distinguishing among Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
“White gold” contains gold and a “white” metal, such as palladium. Two samples of white gold differ in the relative amounts of
gold and palladium they contain. Both samples are uniform in composition throughout. Use Figure 1.9 to classify white gold.
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