f) Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus? How do you know? Be specific! Sample D contains 5 males and 95 females. Genetic tests show that the heterozygosity in the colony is 0.05 at this moment. f)) What is the effective population size (Ne) of Colony D? (4 pts) g) How will the heterozygosity of Colony D change in one generation due to genetic drift? In Sample E, at the Color gene locus, there are two alleles, A and a. Homozygous A individuals have black fur, homozygous a individuals have white fur, and heterozygotes have gray fur. Suppose you survey the sample and find that there are 88 black individuals, 144 gray individuals, and 168 white individuals. h) Do the alleles have a simple dominance relationship? Describe. i) What is the frequency of the A allele in Colony E? J) Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus? How do you know?
Gene Flow
Gene flow, also known as gene migration, is the introduction of genetic material from a particular population to another population of the same species through interbreeding. For example, a bee facilitates its reproductive process by carrying pollen from one flower to another. The flow alters the composition of the gene pool of the receiving population. It introduces new alleles within the population and helps increase variability. This exchange of genetic material occurs through reproduction and brings about new combinations of traits into the population. Where human beings are concerned, actual migration of populations, whether voluntary or forced, brings about gene flow.
Population Biology
Population biology is the study of patterns in organism populations, specifically the growth and management of population size, population genetics, the evolution of life history, species interactions, and demography.
Speciation
The process of speciation involves the formation of new species during evolution. The new species evolve in such a way that both new and old species are not able to interbreed. Thus, speciation occurs when few members of one species get separated from the main species due to geographical, mechanical, or reproductive isolation. These separated members develop new traits that make them different from the main species. In other words, speciation could be defined as the absence of gene flow between two populations that become new species.
Allele Fixation
A gene is a unit of heredity and contains both physical and functional information that shapes an individual. Genes are made up of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), which carry genetic information from one generation to another, from one set of parents to their offspring, and so on. Every cell in a human body, or any living organism, has the same DNA, which implies that every cell in an individual’s body has all the information it needs to build and sustain the body!
solve G-M but make sure you read previous statements if needed ( ragoon/ Rat Is same )
Sample A has been allowed to breed randomly for many generations. At a particular gene locus, there are two alleles, and one is dominant to the other. After several generations, 64% of the animals have the
a) In Colony A, what is the estimated frequency of the recessive allele and heterozygous genotype?
Sample B has been studied for many generations. The slope of the regression line describing the relationship between the number of whiskers in an offspring and the average number of whiskers of both parents is 0.50.
b)What is the heritability (h2) of abdominal bristle number in Sample B?
c) Suppose that the mean whisker number in Sample B is 26 and suppose that the researcher chooses rats for breeding such that the mean whisker number of breeding individuals is 36. What would you expect the mean number of whiskers in the offspring of these breeding individuals to be? Why?
d) Precisely why aren’t the offspring in Sample B expected to have an average of 36 whiskers?
Sample C contains 1,000 ragoons. Genetic tests show that there are two alleles for a trait—A and B, and that 160 have the genotype AA, 480 have the genotype AB, and 360 have the genotype BB. It is not known whether the population is in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium.
e) What is the frequency of the A allele and B allele in Sample C?
f) Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus? How do you know? Be specific!
Sample D contains 5 males and 95 females. Genetic tests show that the heterozygosity in the colony is 0.05 at this moment.
f)) What is the effective
g) How will the heterozygosity of Colony D change in one generation due to genetic drift?
In Sample E, at the Color gene locus, there are two alleles, A and a. Homozygous A individuals have black fur, homozygous a individuals have white fur, and heterozygotes have gray fur. Suppose you survey the sample and find that there are 88 black individuals, 144 gray individuals, and 168 white individuals.
h) Do the alleles have a simple dominance relationship? Describe.
i) What is the frequency of the A allele in Colony E?
J) Is the population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium at this locus? How do you know?
In Sample F, at the Texture gene locus, there are two alleles, S and R. Homozygous S individuals have smooth fur, homozygous R individuals have ragged fur, and heterozygotes have ragged fur. Suppose you survey the colony and find that there are 49 individuals with the SS genotype, 42 individuals with the SR genotype, and 9 individuals with the RR genotype. The colony contains 5 males and 95 females.
k) Do the alleles have a simple dominance relationship? Describe.
l) What is the heterozygosity of this population?
In Sample G, scientists are studying the behavior of the rats in order to understand whether the rats behave in ways consistent with Hamilton’s Rule.
m) Suppose the cost, to an individual, of helping a grandchild rat is 0.30 (the units would be some measure of the loss of future reproduction). How large would the benefit (in the same units) need to be for this helping behavior to be favored by selection?
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