Explain why it is not essential to perform the operation to detect whether the stack is full in the linked implementation of a stack.
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- StackGuard is a tool for detecting buffer overflows. It modifies the compiler to place a known(pseudo)random number (a canary) on the stack just before the return address when a function is called. Additional code is added so that, just before the function returns, it pops the canary and compares it to the value thatwas placed upon the stack. If the two differ, StackGuard asserts a buffer overflow has occurred, and invokes anerror handler to terminate the program. How effective is this approach at stopping stack-based buffer overflows?Under what conditions might it fail?See how the stack behaves when left alone.Become familiar with the behavior of the stack in situations in which it is allowed to be itself.
- Determine how the stack behaves when it is permitted to operate on its own.A drop-out stack is a data structure that acts just like a stack except that if the stack size is n, and the n + 1 element is pushed, the first element is lost. Using an array, create a drop-out stack. (Hint: A circular array implementation would be appropriate.)If a resource in a stack cannot be created, what happens?
- Given a stack, switch_pairs function takes a stack as a parameter and thatswitches successive pairs of numbers starting at the bottom of the stack.For example, if the stack initially stores these values:bottom [3, 8, 17, 9, 1, 10] topYour function should switch the first pair (3, 8),the second pair (17, 9), ...:bottom [8, 3, 9, 17, 10, 1] topif there are an odd number of values in the stack, the value at the top of thestack is not moved: For example:bottom [3, 8, 17, 9, 1] topIt would again switch pairs of values, but the value at thetop of the stack (1)would not be movedbottom [8, 3, 9, 17, 1] topNote: There are 2 solutions:first_switch_pairs: it uses a single stack as auxiliary storagesecond_switch_pairs: it uses a single queue as auxiliary storage""".Determine how the stack performs when allowed to be itself.we get a stack of chars. The implementation is given in a separate file. You should not make assumptions about the exact implementation details. You may only use the following functions to access the stack. typedef struct { // not known } stack_t; // creates a new stack stack_t* stack_create(); // pushes a given item to the stack void stack_push(stack_t* s, char item); // pops the top element from the stack // Pre condition: stack is not empty char stack_pop(stack_t* s); // checks if the stack is empty bool stack_is_empty(stack_t* s); // frees the stack void stack_free(stack_t* s); a) Write a function that gets a stack of ints and returns the number of elements in it. When the function returns, the stacks must be in their initial state. // returns the size of the stack int stack_size(stack_t* s) b) Write a function that gets two stacks of ints and checks if they are equal (i.e., have the same elements in the same order). When the function returns, the stacks must be in their initial…