Explain the underlying molecular mechanisms of incompletedominance, overdominance, and codominance.

What is a carrier of a genetic trait?

Could an individual with blood type O (genotype ii) be a legitimate child of parents in which one parent had blood type A and the other parent had blood type B?

Why do unrelated children with a disorder such as Down syndrome resemble each other more closely than they do their siblings?

List and briefly describe the three processes that lead to variation in offspring with the same parents.

Does the phenotype indicated by the red circles and squares in this pedigree show an inheritance pattern that is autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked?

Define the difference between (a) gene and allele, (b) dominant allele and recessive allele, (c) homozygote and heterozygote, and (d) genotype and phenotype.

If diseases such as cardiovascular disease (hypertension and atherosclerosis) are familial, is this an indication that there is a genetic contribution to these traits? What would you do to confirm that genetics is involved in this condition?

A pedigree analysis was performed on the family of a man with schizophrenia. Based on the known concordance statistics, would his MZ twin be at high risk for the disease? Would the twins risk decrease if he were raised in an environment different from that of his schizophrenic brother?

Assume that the ratio of females to males is 1:1. A couple already has two daughters and no sons. If they plan to have a total of six children, what is the probability that they will have four more girls? (a) (b) (c) 116 (d) 132 (e) 164