Pandelani is a farmer just outside East London and he is interested in buying another tractor but can only afford a second hand one. He comes across an advert placed in the Farmer’s Weekly magazine by Wouter, who resides in Gqeberha, to sell his second‐hand John Deere CX60. Pandelani emails Wouter to enquire about the availability of the tractor and Wouter replies that it is still available, after which Pandelani makes an offer. Wouter emails Pandelani his letter of acceptance on the 20th May 2019. Wouter’s email enters Pandelani’s Gmail account also on the 20th May 2019. On the 25th May 2019, Pandelani logs into his Gmail account while at a prestigious sheep auction in Bloemfontein and reads Wouter’s email of acceptance. Explain the difference in legal consequences between an option and a right of first refusal.

Bart Inc. developed a new medical rub called “NoPain Muscular Rub” that can be used in the event of muscular back pains. Bart Inc. via an online advertisement stated that they are willing to pay $5,000 to anyone who used their muscle rub “Nopain” for one week and still suffers from back pains thereafter. Bill who suffers from back pains, saw the online advertisement and decided to purchase “NoPain Muscular Rub”. He used it for a full week, but nevertheless still suffered from back pains. Based on the fact that the muscular rub “Nopain” did not relieve his back pains, he sued Bart Inc. for the monies that were promised. However, Bart Inc. argued that the advertisement was not an offer, but an invitation to invite offers.  They further argued that at no point in time did Bill make an offer and as such, they are not bound to pay him any monies, since the parties did not create any binding agreement. Advised Bill on his legal options stating relevant case law as well as using the IRAC…

Pandelani is a farmer just outside East London and he is interested in buying another tractor but can only afford a second hand one. He comes across an advert placed in the Farmer’s Weekly magazine by Wouter, who resides in Gqeberha, to sell his second‐hand John Deere CX60. Pandelani emails Wouter to enquire about the availability of the tractor and Wouter replies that it is still available, after which Pandelani makes an offer. Wouter emails Pandelani his letter of acceptance on the 20th May 2019. Wouter’s email enters Pandelani’s Gmail account also on the 20th May 2019. On the 25th May 2019, Pandelani logs into his Gmail account while at a prestigious sheep auction in Bloemfontein and reads Wouter’s email of acceptance. Indicate when and where the contract between Pandelani and Wouter came into existence in this instance.

Mary, a keen pottery collector, saw a notice for an auction at James Pottery Limited on September 30th 2017 in the Daily News. She traveled 300 kilometers to attend the auction in order to bid for a particularly rare item of Mozart pottery, specifically mentioned in the list of items to be auctioned. However, when she got to the auction site she found a notice outside, stating that the auction had been canceled. Mary went into a nearby antique shop and saw an item of the same type of pottery she had come to bid for, which the price ticket stated $5000.  Mary indicated to the shop owner, Anthony, that she was only willing to pay $4,000 for it. However, Anthony said he would sell it for $4,500.  Mary then indicated to him that she would like time to think about it over lunch; Anthony thereafter, agreed not to sell it before Mary returned. However, when Mary returned to buy the pottery, she found that Anthony had already sold it to someone else, who had paid $4500 for it.   In the context…