Answered: Explain the difference between a theory…

Explain the difference between a theory and a law in science using "Newton's law of gravitation" as the law and "Einstein's General Theory of Relativity" as the theory

Modern Physics

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781111794378

Author:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, Clement J. Moses, Curt A. Moyer

Chapter2: Relativity Ii

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8Q

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

Which of the following statements are fundamental postulates of the special theory of relativity? More than one statement may be correct. (a) Light moves through a substance called the ether. (b) The speed of light depends on the inertial reference frame in which it is measured. (c) The laws of physics depend on the inertial reference frame in which they are used. (d) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames. (e) The speed of light is independent of the inertial reference frame in which it is measured.
According to the National Academy of Sciences, the Earths surface temperature has risen about 1F since 1900. There is evidence that this climate change may be due to human activity. The organizers of World Jump Day argue that if the Earth were in a slightly larger orbit, we could avoid global warming and climate change. They propose that we move the Earth into this new orbit by jumping. The idea is to get people in a particular time zone to jump together. The hope is to have 600 million people jump in a 24-hour period. Lets see if it will work. Consider the Earth and its inhabitants to make up the system. a. Estimate the number of people in your time zone. Assume they all decide to jump at the same time; estimate the total mass of the jumpers. b. What is the net external force on the Earthjumpers system? c. Assume the jumpers use high-tech Flybar pogo sticks (Fig. P8.32), which allow them to jump 6 ft. What is the displacement of the Earth as a result of their jump? d. What happens to the Earth when the jumpers land?
An astronaut has a heartbeat rate of 66 beats per minute as measured during his physical exam on Earth. The heartbeat rate of the astronaut is measured when he is in a spaceship traveling at 0.5c with respect to Earth by an observer (A) in the ship and by an observer (B) on Earth. (a) Describe an experimental method by which observer B on Earth will able to determine the heartbeat rate of the astronaut when the astronaut is in the spaceship. (b) What will be the heartbeat rate(s) of the astronaut reported by observers A and B?
A spaceship moves away from Earth at a speed v and fires a shuttle craft in the forward direction at a speed v relative to the ship. The pilot of the shuttle craft launches a probe at speed v relative to the shuttle craft. Determine (a) the speed of the shuttle craft relative to Earth, and (b) the speed of the probe relative to Earth.
If you use an Earth based telescope to project a laser beam onto the moon, you can move the spot across the moon's surface at a velocity greater than the speed of light Does this violate modern relativity? (Note that light is being sent from the Earth to the moon, not across the surface of the moon.)
Astronomical observations of our Milky Way galaxy indicate that it has a mass of about 8.1011 solar masses. A star orbiting on the galaxy's periphery is about 6.0104 light years from its center. (a) What should the orbital period of that star be? (b) If its period is 6.0107 instead, what is the mass of the galaxy? Such calculations are used to imply the existence of "dark matter" in the universe and have indicated, for example, the existence of very massive black holes at the centers of some galaxies.
(a) What is the approximate force of gravity on a 70-kg person due to the Andromeda Galaxy, assuming its total mass is 1013 that of our Sun and acts like a single mass 0.613 Mpc away? (b) What is the ratio of this force to the person’s weight? Note that Andromeda is the closest large galaxy.
The Sun orbits the Milky Way galaxy once each 2.60108 years, with a roughly circular orbit averaging a radius of 3.00104 light-years. (A light-year is the distance traveled by light in 1 year.) Calculate the centripetal accleration of the Sun in its galactic orbit. Does yur result support the contention that a nearly inertial frame of reference can be located at the Sun? (b) Calculate the average speed of the Sun in its galactic orbit. Does the answer surprise you?
A massive black hole is believed to exist at the center of our galaxy (and most other spiral galaxies). Since the 1990s, astronomers have been tracking the motions of several dozen stars in rapid motion around the center. Their motions give a clue to the size of this black hole. a. One of these stars is believed to be in an approximately circular orbit with a radius of about 1.50 103 AU and a period of approximately 30 yr. Use these numbers to determine the mass of the black hole around which this star is orbiting, b. What is the speed of this star, and how does it compare with the speed of the Earth in its orbit? How does it compare with the speed of light?
The principle of equivalence states that all experiments done in a lab in a uniform gravitational field cannot be distinguished from those done in a lab that is not in a gravitational field but in uniformly accelerating. For the latter case, consider what happens to a laser beam at some height shot perfectly horizontally to the floor, across the accelerating lab. (View this from a nonaccelerating frame outside the lab.) Relative to the height of the laser, where will the laser beam hit the far wall? What does this say about the effect of a gravitational field on light? Does the fact that light has no mass make any difference to the argument?
Review. A student proposes to study the gravitational force by suspending two 100.0-kg spherical objects at the lower ends of tables from the ceiling of a tall cathedral and measuring the deflection of the cables from the vertical. The 45.00-m-long cables are attached to the ceiling 1.000 m apart. The first object is suspended, and its position is carefully measured. The second object is suspended, and the two objects attract each other gravitationally. By what distance has the first objet I moved horizontally from its initial position due to the gravitational attraction to the other object? Suggestion: Keep in mind that this distance will be very small and make appropriate approximations.