Explain how CO2 loading and O2 unloading are connected in systemic gas exchange.  Make sure to discuss in terms of the Law of Mass Action.  Also chloride shift.  How does this allow the delivery of oxygen to match the metabolic rate of the tissues?  Why would that be important?

Countercurrent flow of water and blood increases the efficiency of gas exchange in?

Asthma is a common obstructive disease of the airways of the lungs, which can be diagnosed using the pulmonary function test, spirometry. Which of the following statements is most likely to indicate a patient with an obstructive pulmonary disorder?     Spirometry test results indicating an increased forced vital capacity.     Spirometry test results indicating a forced expiratory volume of 85% compared to predicted values.     Spirometry test results indicating an FVC/FEV1 ratio of 0.9.     Spirometry test results indicating a forced expiratory volume of 72% compared to predicted values.

Which of the following is the BEST definition for the Haldane effect? O Carbonic anhydrase converts CO2 into bicarbonate and hydrogen ions O Increased concentration of CO2 decreases hemoglobin affinity for oxygen Decreased PO2 increases hemoglobin affinity for CO2 CO2 binds to hemoglobin as oxygen concentration decreases Decreased pH decreases hemoglobin affinity for oxygem

Illustrate how the PaO2 and SaO2 can be very misleading and dangerous when the hemoglobin level is not entered into the patient’s oxygen transport calculations?

Mechanical ventilation is indicated when the patient's spontaneous ventilation is inadequate to sustain life by hooking the patient into a mechanical ventilator. It provides breathing support until lung function is restored, delivering warm (body temperature 37° C [98.6° F]), 100% humidified oxygen at FiO2 levels between 21% to 100%. 1. Discuss the process how does positive-pressure ventilator deliver air to the lungs? List 3 risks or complications of patient who is hooked in mechanical ventilator and discuss how it is even possible.

Because CO2 and H+ are linked in a dynamic equilibrium, PCO2 changes will affect both H+ and HCO3- levels.  In the scenarios below, use "up" arrow or "down" arrow to indicate changes to PCO2, H+, and HCO3-.                                                       If ventilation increases, plasma PCO2 ______________, H+ ______________, and HCO3- ___________________                                   If ventilation decreased, plasma PCO2 _____________, H+ ______________, and HCO3- __________________

If there is increased hydrostatic pressure on the venous side of the capillaries leading to an increase in fluid moving into the tissues why would it cause ankle edema?  What role does the lung play in development of that increased hydrostatic pressure in terms of alveolocapillary membrane/lung changes.  What is the effect on oxygen diffusion from the alveolus, on pulmonary artery pressure and resultant changes to the right side of the heart)?

The dotted lines in the two graphs below represent a shift in the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve. Which shift would allow more oxygen delivery to the tissues? Name three conditions in the tissues that would cause thecurve to shift this way.