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Explain hidden terminal problem and how we can avoid the hidden terminal problem.

Explain hidden terminal problem and how we can avoid the hidden terminal problem.

Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN:9780133594140
Author:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Publisher:James Kurose, Keith Ross
Chapter1: Computer Networks And The Internet
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem R1RQ: What is the difference between a host and an end system? List several different types of end...
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### Understanding the Hidden Terminal Problem #### (iii) Explain hidden terminal problem and how we can avoid the hidden terminal problem. **Hidden Terminal Problem:** The hidden terminal problem occurs in wireless networks when a particular node is unable to detect the presence of another node due to obstacles or significant distance in the network, resulting in communication issues. For instance, node A can communicate with node C, but node B, which is out of range of node A, also tries to communicate with node C. Since node A and node B are unaware of each other’s transmissions, their simultaneous transmissions may interfere at node C, causing packet collisions. **Avoiding the Hidden Terminal Problem:** There are several strategies to mitigate the hidden terminal problem: 1. **RTS/CTS Mechanism (Request to Send / Clear to Send):** This method involves exchanging control frames before the actual data transmission. When a node wants to send data, it sends an RTS frame. The receiving node replies with a CTS frame if it is ready to receive the data. This exchange helps ensure that other nodes in the vicinity remain silent during the transmission, reducing the chances of collisions. 2. **Scheduling Algorithms:** Implementing scheduling algorithms can organize transmission times, ensuring that nodes transmit data at different times to avoid transmission overlap. 3. **Increasing Transmission Power:** By increasing the transmission power, nodes can expand their transmission range and be more likely to detect other nodes, thus reducing hidden terminals. 4. **Using Higher Gain Antennas:** Higher gain antennas can improve signal detection and reduce the number of hidden nodes. 5. **Network Topology Planning:** Proper planning of network topology with strategic placement of nodes can minimize hidden terminal scenarios. These strategies, among others, contribute to more efficient and collision-free communication in wireless networks.
Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Hidden Terminal Problem #### (iii) Explain hidden terminal problem and how we can avoid the hidden terminal problem. **Hidden Terminal Problem:** The hidden terminal problem occurs in wireless networks when a particular node is unable to detect the presence of another node due to obstacles or significant distance in the network, resulting in communication issues. For instance, node A can communicate with node C, but node B, which is out of range of node A, also tries to communicate with node C. Since node A and node B are unaware of each other’s transmissions, their simultaneous transmissions may interfere at node C, causing packet collisions. **Avoiding the Hidden Terminal Problem:** There are several strategies to mitigate the hidden terminal problem: 1. **RTS/CTS Mechanism (Request to Send / Clear to Send):** This method involves exchanging control frames before the actual data transmission. When a node wants to send data, it sends an RTS frame. The receiving node replies with a CTS frame if it is ready to receive the data. This exchange helps ensure that other nodes in the vicinity remain silent during the transmission, reducing the chances of collisions. 2. **Scheduling Algorithms:** Implementing scheduling algorithms can organize transmission times, ensuring that nodes transmit data at different times to avoid transmission overlap. 3. **Increasing Transmission Power:** By increasing the transmission power, nodes can expand their transmission range and be more likely to detect other nodes, thus reducing hidden terminals. 4. **Using Higher Gain Antennas:** Higher gain antennas can improve signal detection and reduce the number of hidden nodes. 5. **Network Topology Planning:** Proper planning of network topology with strategic placement of nodes can minimize hidden terminal scenarios. These strategies, among others, contribute to more efficient and collision-free communication in wireless networks.
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