examples of membrane transport in stroke, cell signaling

Luke Marks is a 40-year-old male who was brought into ED by ambulance after he came off his motorcycle at 40km/hr after hitting a pothole in the road. The incident was called in by a bystander, an off-duty lifeguard, who helped to stabilise his c-spine by supporting his head (in a badly scratched helmet) and spoke to him until paramedics arrived.  Handover from paramedics included: GCS 15, PERRLA, nil evidence of head injury despite a head strike, but Luke was unable to move his arms and legs and stated he had nil sensation in his legs and the sensation in his hands felt strange. The paramedics safely removed his helmet and safely secured a hard collar around his neck before transporting him to hospital. Luke reported pain of 8/10 in his cervical spine but nowhere else. His vital signs were as follows: RR 22, SpO2 98% RA, HR 59bpm, BP 125/63 mmHg, Temp 35.7 degrees.  Paramedics administered 8mg IV ondansetron, 5mg s/c morphine and 250ml of NaCl (0.99%) en route. Luke has no significant…

describe in detail:how the Dopamine transporter (DAT)transporter works whether it is an active or passive transportera specific type of cell that it can be found in and why it is important in this cell typeconsequences for body function when this transporter type fails (due to a mutation that makes it non-functional)

Caffeine lowers the heart rate by increasing rates of depolarization at the SA node   True False   Nicotine raises the heart rate because it stimulates the activity of the sympathetic neurons in medulla oblongata   True False   The Frank-Starling Law of the Heart states that the force of heart contraction is directly proportional to the initial length of the muscle fiber, within optimal limits of length   True False If the sarcomeres stretched beyond the optimal length, the force of contraction would go down, but that can potentially happen only during open heart surgery when the heart is not constrained by the pericardium, lungs, ribs and diaphragm.   True False It is the Na+ channel-driven spontaneous depolarization that is affected by sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to speed up or slow down the firing rate of the SA node and other conductive cells.   True False