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- The conjugate base of diethyl malonate can serve as a nucleophile to attack a wide range of electrophiles. Identify the product that is formed when the conjugate base of diethyl malonate reacts with the following electrophile followed by acid workup when relevant: Modify the provided structures of diethyl malonate and the given electrophile to draw the product formed. Note: the eraser tool can be used to erase bonds, and atoms can be moved by selecting them with the selector tool and then dragging the selected atom(s) to a new position. If you make a mistake, you can use Ctrl-Z or the Undo tool. OH -CH₂ CH₂ Edit DrawingThe conjugate base of diethyl malonate can serve as a nucleophile to attack a wide range of electrophiles. Identify the product that is formed when the conjugate base of diethyl malonate reacts with the following electrophile followed by acid workup when relevant: CN Modify the provided structures of diethyl malonate and the given electrophile to draw the product formed. Note: the eraser tool can be used to erase bonds, and atoms can be moved by selecting them with the selector tool and then dragging the selected atom(s) to a new position. If you make a mistake, you can use Ctrl-Z or the Undo tool. EtO H3C CN Edit Drawing OEtComplete each acid-base reaction and predict whether the position of equilibrium lies toward the left or toward the right. (a) CH3CCH+CH3CH2ONa+CH3CH3OH (b) CH3CCCH2CH2OH+Na+NH2NH3(l)
- Complete the following proposed acid–base reactions, and predict whether the reactants or products are favored.Hydroxide acts as a nucleophile in protein degradation by hydrolysis of the peptide bond in water. Draw out an arrow pushing mechanism of the hydrolysis of a peptide bond. Identify the nucleophile and the electrophile in this reaction.What explains why many aldehydes and ketones can undergo self-condensation reactions in basic conditions? The alpha carbon can lose a proton and act like a nucleophile and the carbonyl carbon is an electrophile. The alpha carbon can gain a proton and act like an electrophile and the carbonyl carbon is a nucleophile. The oxygen of the carbonyl group can attack the carbon of the carbonyl group. Only esters can undergo self-condensation reactions.
- Identify whether the hydroxide ion is functioning as a base or as a nucleophile.When trichloroacetaldehyde is dissolved in water, almost all of it is converted to the hydrate. Chloral hydrate, the product of the reaction, is a sedative that can be lethal. A cocktail laced with it is known—in detective novels,at least—as a “Mickey Finn.” Explain why an aqueous solution of trichloroacetaldehyde is almost all hydrate.a) Put these three common types of carbonyl compound in order of decreasing reactivity ester amide acid chloride b) For the least reactive, show the interconversion to its other resonance form: How does this electron delocalisation make it stable? c) For the most reactive, draw the mechanism of its undergoing hydrolysis (reaction with H2O): Why makes this type of carbonyl so reactive to nucleophiles?
- Show how acid derivatives hydrolyze to carboxylic acids under either acidic or basicconditions. Explain why some acid derivatives (amides, for example) require muchstronger conditions for hydrolysis than other derivatives.Draw the line angle diagram of two different functional groups that act as nucleophiles under acidic conditions. Write the names of the functional groups under each structure.Provide the IUPAC name of the product when the aldehyde shown reacts with the indicated nucleophile in the appropriate conditions..
