Ellen Davis Jones (A - 15) studied the effects of reminiscence therapy for old women with depression. She studied 15 women 60years or older residing for 3 months or longer in an assisted living long term ca re facility For this study, depression was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale ( GDS). Higher scores indicate more severe depression symptoms. The participants received Reminiscence Therapy for long term care which uses family photographs, scrapboo ks, and personal memorabilia to stimulate memory and conversation among group members. Pre - treatment and post - treatment depression scores are given in the following table. Can we conclude, based on these data, that subjects who participate in Reminiscence Therapy experience, on average, a decline in GDS depression scores? Let a = 0.01. Pre GDS: 12 10 16 2 12 18 11 16 16 10 14 219 19 20 Post GDS:11 10 11 3 9 13 8 14 16 10 12 22 9 16 18

A psychologist is examining the influence of an older sibling in the development of social skills. A sample of three-year old children is obtained. Half the children had no siblings and the others had at least 1 older sibling who is within 5 years of the child's age. The psychologist records a social skills score for each child and obtains the following data. No sibling Older sibling n= 10 n= 17 M= 17 M= 23 2- 50.741 = 48.578 a. Do these data indicate that having an older sibling has a significant effect on the development of social skills? Test at the ,05 level. b. Compute d c. Give an APA formatted summary of your findings.

Lynn University wants to examine whether students display better academic performance in class versus online. They have collected GPAs of two different samples of students, a sample from classes that take place in-person and a sample from classes that take place online. The data set is below. They predict that in-class students perform better than online students.  Performance In Class GPA Online GPA 4.0 4.0 3.5 2.2 3.7 3.3 3.5 3.7 2.0 2.5 3.2 3.8 3.3 3.8 For this test, we should use  ________ critical and p values.  Group of answer choices a) One tail b) Two tail c) Three tail d) None of the answers

Are very young infants more likely to imitate actions that are modeled by a person or simulated by an object? This question was the basis of a research study. One action examined was mouth opening. This action was modeled repeatedly by either a person or a doll, and the number of times that the infant imitated the behavior was recorded. Twenty-seven infants participated, with 12 exposed to a human model and 15 exposed to the doll. Summary values are shown below.   Person Model Doll Model x 5.11 3.47 s 1.60 1.30   Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the mean number of imitations is higher for infants who watch a human model than for infants who watch a doll? Test the relevant hypotheses using a 0.01 significance level. (Use ?Person − ?Doll.) Find the test statistic. (Round your answer to two decimal places.) t =  Find the df. (Round your answer down to the nearest whole number.) df =  Use technology to find the P-value. (Round your answer to four decimal places.)…

"Bullying," according to noted expert Dan Olweus, "poisons the educational environment and affects the learning of every child." Bullying and victimization are evident as early as preschool, with the problem peaking in middle school. Suppose you are interested in the emotional well-being of not only the victims but also bystanders, bullies, and those who bully but who are also victims (bully-victims). You decide to measure depression in a group of victims and a group of bully-victims using a 26-item, 3-point depression scale. Assume scores on the depression scale are normally distributed and that the variances of the depression scores are the same among victims and bully-victims. The group of 25 victims scored an average of 25.3 with a sample standard deviation of 9 on the depression scale. The group of 23 bully-victims scored an average of 20.5 with a sample standard deviation of 8 on the same scale. You do not have any presupposed assumptions about whether victims or bully-victims…

Read through this scenario and look at the data that was collected.  State the null and all possible research hypotheses.  Review the results below (I used SPSS) and answer the questions that follow. Scenario:  A researcher wants to see if gender and / or income affects the total amount of help given to a stranger who is sitting on the side of a busy road with a sign asking for help.  The independent variables are gender, income, and the interaction of gender and income.  The dependent variable is total help. He wants to know if one or both factors – or the interaction of the two - affects the total amount of help offered.  Because he is analyzing two independent variables (gender and income), he used a factorial ANOVA.  His results show the main effect of each of the independent variables on the dependent variable (total help) and the interaction effect.  The researcher is using a 95% confidence interval which means that he wants to be at least 95% sure that his independent variables…

A study examined the relationship between a nurse's assessment of a patient's facial expression and his or her self-reported level of pain. Data for 89 patients are summarized below: Self-Report Facial Expression No Pain Pain No Pain 17 40 Pain 3 29 We'd like to determine if there is evidence of an association between a facial expression that reflects pain and self-report pain, because dementia patients do not always give a verbal indication that they are in pain. By using SPSS or Minitab, design the appropriate test and generate the data analyses. Relate the results of the test to the research question and conclude the findings.

Of the 328 patients that completed the survey last year, 211 of them claimed to be returning patients which is 64.3% of the sample. Is this an example of a retrospective, cross-sectional, or prospective observational study? Justify your answer.

It has been demonstrated that students with high self-esteem tend to have higher grades than students with low self-esteem. Does this relationship mean that higher self-esteem causes better academic performance? Does it mean that better academic performance causes higher self-esteem? Explain your answer, and identify the general problem that can preclude a cause-and-effect explanation.

As an admissions counselor, I am interested in understanding whether or not there is a difference in stress levels not only between different majors but also between different classes (Freshman v. Seniors). I gather the following data from students from three majors (Psychology, Chemistry, and Engineering), that are in their freshmen or senior years and ask them about their stress levels (scale of 1-10, with lower numbers meaning less stress). Using the data below, test whether there are effects of class, major, or an interaction between them at an alpha of 0.05.    Psychology Chemistry Engineering Freshmen 3, 4, 4, 2, 4 4, 5, 7, 8, 4 5, 7, 7, 8, 5 Senior 4, 5, 5, 3, 5 8, 5, 6, 7, 7 9, 9, 8, 7, 9 Complete the ANOVA summary table below:  Source SS df MS (variance) F MAJOR         CLASS         MAJOR*CLASS         ERROR/RESIDUAL       Nothing here TOTAL     Nothing here Nothing here   What can we conclude?…