During the Pleistocene, a large rock was moved 127 m  down a gentle slope over a 2,270 year  period via the process of creep. What was the creep rate in cm/yr?   ratecreep =  cm   yr

Explain how the shear strength of sand changes with respect to suction in various zones.

1. Triaxial tests were carried out on 54-mm-diameter (NX core) intact rock specimens. The applied confining pressures and the principal stress differences at failure are summarised below5.210 Confining 0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 pressure (MPa) Principal stress 59.5 87.5 116.0 139.5 167.5 192.5 difference (MPa) Plot o, against o, at failure and determine the uniaxial com- pressive strength and the friction angle of the intact rock.

2. Sand at a given relative density has a friction angle of approximately 33° (relatively low stress). When the sample is unsaturated at a given value of saturation (not given to you), the specimen has a negative pore pressure of 5 kPa. How tall a sandcastle "vertical" wall can you construct? What would happen to your sandcastle if the level of saturation suddenly increased? (Assume a total unit weight of 18 kN/m³)

An intact solid cylindrical specimen of diameter 50 mm and thickness 30 mm is prepared from a Hoek-Brown rock material with m,= 10. If the disc fails under a diametral compressive force of 7.8 kN as shown opposite, determine the brittleness index of the tested material based on stresses induced at the centre of the loaded specimen; i.e., the ratio of the material's compressive to tensile strength. Assume that the Hoek-Brown failure criterion is valid for the plane stress field condition developed at the centre of the specimen. 7.8 kN P B

9. A rock mass is cut by one set of joints with spacing S = 0.40 m. (a) If the joint normal and shear deformations are assumed to be equal to that of the rock itself, express k, and k,, in terms of E and v. (b) Assuming E= 104 MPa and 0.33, calculate all the terms of the strain-stress relationship for an equivalent transversely isotropic medium, (corresponding to Equation 6.9).

Please answer question 7

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N B 0 Horizontal The stresses shown in the figure are applied at a point in a dry clayey sand soil mass. A= 50 kPa and B= 125 kPa The shear strength parameters of the clayey sand are: c'= 9kPa and p'=29° 0=30° a) The value of the shear stress, T, is slowly increased. What value would cause shear failure at this point (in kPa)? b) At failure, what angle does the failure plane make with the horizontal (in degrees)?