During the elongation phase of transcription, how is RNA polymerase able to "read" the DNA sequence of bases? O a. The RNA polymerase rotates like a corkscrew around the DNA helix - reading the sequence of bases while the two DNA strands remain completely hydrogen-bonded together. O b. The two DNA strands are temporarily reversed, so that the sugar-phosphate backbones are next to each other and the bases point outwards, allowing RNA polymerase to read the base sequence. O c. An enzyme complex unwinds and separates the two DNA strands down the full length of the gene (~1000-3000 bases), so that the RNA polymerase can travel smoothly along the template strand. O d. The RNA polymerase can separate the two strands of DNA as it travels, creating a small "window" between the strands, so it can read the template strand and create the complementary RNA copy.

Q: What are the role of Transcription proteins? Explain this in 500 words, explain at your own words

A: Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This duplicate, known as a…

Q: What kind of changes Transcription Requires in Chromatin Structure and Nucleosome Position?

A: Transcription is the process of the formation of an RNA strand complementary to the DNA strand that…

Q: Briefly describe how transcription works and show that you understand the difference between…

A: Transcription is the process of formation of a sequence of RNA using DNA as a template and DNA…

Q: Which is a feature of mRNA processing in eukaryotes? removal of exon sequences addition of a…

A: Processing of mRNA Until introns are removed and the mRNA is considered ready for translation,…

Q: Draw a labelled diagram to support the basic transcription steps

A: Transcription is the method of replicating hereditary data held in DNA into RNA. This process takes…

Q: B. Both involve binding of rho, but rho-independent termination requires conformational change on…

A: After binding to the newly formed RNA chain, ρ factor moves along the molecule in a 5'-3' direction…

Q: Diagram a termination of transcription showing how inverted repeats can be involved in releasing the…

A: DNA and RNA are the genetic elements present in almost all cells. DNA encodes for proteins through…

Q: Considering each nucleotide sequence in an mRNA molecule: [1] write the sequence of the DNA template…

A: Gene expression is the process by which the instruction in the DNA is converted to products through…

Q: If the DNA template had the base sequence AGCT, whatwould be the mRNA base sequence, and what…

A: DNA( deoxyribonucleic acid) is the double-stranded molecule that is the genetic material in most…

Q: What is the genetic code? a. The relationship between a three-base codon sequence and an amino acid…

A: Translation is the process of conversion of an mRNA (messenger RNA) molecule into a functional…

Q: create a summary of the nucleotide pairs during the translation process

A: Answer: Introduction: Translation process occurs in ribosomes of cytosol or membrane of the…

Q: Why do you think the DNA must be unzipped before it is transcribed into messenger RNA?

A: Gene expression is a complex biological mechanism that involves the production of mRNA and proteins…

Q: How is translation different in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? a. In prokaryotes, because they do not…

A: Translation is a process which takes place after transcription, in which the genetic information…

Q: Mutations that occur at the end of a gene may alter the sequence of the gene and prevent…

A: Transcription is one of the defined steps of gene expression and precisely refers to the formation…

Q: Transcription is similar to DNA replication in that ... -RNA molecules are synthesized…

A: Transcription is the process by which information encoded in DNA is copied into RNA. It occurs in…

Q: They add RNase-OUT to protect the RNA from which specific RNase? What does the inactivation of that…

A: Molecular biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of structure and functions of…

Q: Select the sequences relevant to prokaryotic transcription A/GNNAUGG (Kozak sequence) TATAAAA (TATA…

A: Transcription is the process by which genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into RNA. It is a…

Q: How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic RNA polymerases compare? a. Since eukaryotic RNA polymerases are…

A: Transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes is different in many aspects. Eukaryotic transcription…

Q: There are 3 RNA polymerases in eukaryotes. Write a sentence about the function of each. Which is…

A: RNA polymerase enzyme synthesizes RNA from template of DNA.

Q: Gene transcription occurs from left to right for gene A and gene B, whereas transcription occurs…

A: The process by which a cell makes an RNA copy of a piece of DNA. This RNA copy, called messenger RNA…

Q: Look carefully at the illustrations for gene translation. What mRNA codon specifies the tRNA…

A: As the illustration for the gene translation is not given. we are providing all the possible codons.

Q: What would happen if a lysine residue that was normally acetylated was mutated to an arginine?  A.…

A: Lysine acetylation occurs in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms and it mutates thousands of…

Q: 3. Where in the eukaryotic cell does transcription during transcription? occur and what molecule is…

A: Nucleic acid is a macromolecule present inside the nucleus of the cell . In this , genetic material…

Q: Describe events associated with the process of transcription in eukaryotic cells. How is the process…

A: RNA polymerase II transcribes protein-coding genes into messenger RNAs (mRNAs) that carry the…

Q: What are the different terms used to describe the two strands of DNA involved in transcription?

A: Transcription is a process of formation of RNA. It is DNA dependent RNA synthesis process. Process…

Q: Explain how an α helix in a transcription factor protein is able to function as a recognition helix.

A: Transcription is the first step in central dogma of protein synthesis. It involves formation of…

Q: This diagram shows a double-stranded section of DNA. The arrow indicates location and strand of the…

A: Transcription is the process of formation of mRNA using DNA as template. This is possible with the…

Q: TRANSCRIPTION Transcription is the process in which the information from is converted into a…

A:

Q: Explain how the pausing of the ribosome in the presence or absence of tryptophan affects the…

A: Tryptophan operon is an essential operon in bacteria such as Escherichia coli to synthesize the…

Q: Once an RNA polymerase has initiated transcription, it will release the sigma factor or sigma…

A: TRANSCRIPTION- The process of formation of mRNA from the DNA strand is known as transcription. It is…

Q: The transcription enzyme that catalyzes  a strand of RNA from a DNA template is called what?

A: A gene is an area of DNA molecule or polymer of amino acid that encodes function. A chromosome…

Q: Determine the advantage of regulating the binding of RNA polymerase to DNA at the promoter.

A: The synthesis of RNAs and proteins in accordance with the instructions contained in deoxyribonucleic…

Q: Are there similarities between the DNA replication bubbles and the transcription bubbles found in…

A: Yes, there are similarities between the DNA replication bubbles and the transcription bubbles found…

Q: Explain the ramifications to the process of transcription if spliceosomes excise exons and join the…

A: BASIC INFORMATION DNA It stands for deoxyribo nucleic acid.  It is the genetic material of all…

Q: The RNA polymerase is only using one strand of DNA as a template, and only transcribes specific…

A: Introduction: DNA, also known as deoxyribonucleic acid, is the genetic material present in humans…

Q: Name the factor of RNA polymerase enzymes which recoganise the start and termination signal on DNA…

A: All transcription in bacteria is performed by the single type of RNA polymerase.  This polymerase…

Q: Schematic structure of a transcription unit?

A: The mechanism by which a strand of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is used to synthesize a molecule of…

Q: Which of the following statements is/are TRUE for transcription? A. RNA polymerase uses one strand…

A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is synthesized from DNA. This process involves certain…

Q: Make a table listing similarities and differences between transcription and replication. List as…

A: The central dogma gives a framework on how the genetic information flows to form a functional…

Q: Describe the structure of RNA polymerase. Explain how this enzyme begins the process of…

A: Enzymes are proteins and are made of amino acids. They are involved in catalyzing the specific…

Gene Interactions

When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.

Gene Expression

Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.