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1. Draw the life cyle of Plasmodium spp.
2. Draw the ring form and gametocyte forms of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae. Provide labels.
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- 11. Explain how Clostridium tetani cells that rarely leave their initial site of infection can cause death in their hosts.a. What are the distinctive morphological traits of Corynebacterium?b. How can the pseudomembrane be life threatening?c. What is the ultimate origin of diphtherotoxin?1. Why is Plasmodium species isolated usually in blood? 2. What are the characteristics of a good quality malarial smear?
- 1. What are the clinical manifestations of Plasmodium falciparum? 2. Give species of mosquitoes that could transmit Malaria.1. In your own understanding, why is the trophozoite form of Trichomonas vaginalis considered as the most resistant protozoan trophozoite? 2. What do you mean by “ping pong infection” and why is Trichomoniasis labeled such?Arrange the steps of fungal conidia killing by immune system: 1). Neutrophils is enhanced, 2). conidia are swelling, 3). increased reactive oxygen production, 4). Phagocytosis, 5). Degranulation, 6). Killing of conidia. O a. 2, 1, 4, 5, 3, 6 O b. 6, 2, 1, 3, 4, 5 O c. 2, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6 O d. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
- Describe the ff 1. Trypanosoma 2. Arcella Sp. 3. Peridinium1. na and Aphasmidia, on the basis of the presence or absence phasmids. What is a Phasmid? 2. Name the diseases transmitted by each of the following parasites/insects /arachnids a) Wuchereria bancrofti b) Dracunculus medinensis c) Glossina spp d) Ticks e) Fleas 3. Cestodes of medical importance belong to two orders: these are1. What is the oxygen requirement of sporothrix schenckii? 2. What is the gram reaction of sporothrix schenckii 3. No. Of days being symptomatic of sporotrichosis.
- Which species does not cause human disease? a. Toxoplasma gondii b. Entamoeba histolytica c. Dictyostelium discoideum d. Trichomonas vaginalis2. Explain the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum.A 72 year old patient with a two week history of coughing was admitted to the hospital for community acquired pneumonia (CAP). The laboratory reports a G-, intracellular bacterium. Which of the following apply Production of cholesterol by the pathogen lacking a cell wall to mimic the human plasma membrane O Production of a gray pseudomembrane that may cause respiratory obstructions O An environmental pathogen associated with air conditioners and produces the Lcl adhesin A NF-OP of the upper respiratory tract that produces the pneumolysin exotoxin O Secretion of streptolysin O and S exotoxins by a pathogen associated with scarlet fever