Draw an atomic orbital diagram showing all hybrid orbitals and bond types (n and o CH,-CH-CH=CH-CN

7.59 What type of hybrid orbital is generated by combining the valence s orbital and all three valence p orbitals of an atom? How many hybrid orbitals result?

• explain the formation of multiple bonds in terms of the overlap of a combination of hybridized and unhybridized atomic orbitals.

Use the VSEPR model to predict the bond angles around each central atom in the following Lewis structures (benzene rings are frequently pictured as hexagons, without the letter for the carbon atom at each vertex). Note that the drawings do not necessarily depict the bond angles correctly.

• explain how hybridization reconciles observed molecular shapes with the orbital overlap model.

HO: a :N CH3 -c=C-CH2 CH2 H3C Determine the hybridization and the approximate bond angles around the labeled atoms in this structure.

Sigma Bonding A o bond arises from the straight-on overlap of two atomic orbitals. The electron density lies along the axis of Ithe two bonded nuclei. sp³ hybrid orbital 1s orbital What is the approximate H-C₁-C₂ bond angle ? Example: Sigma Bonding in methane, CH4 What atomic or hybrid orbitals make up the sigma bond between C₁ and C₂ in ethylene, CH₂CH₂ ? orbital on C₁ + orbital on C₂

4. Silicon is an interesting atom because it behaves similarly to carbon. There is speculation in the scientific field that aliens could be made of silicon structures rather than carbon. The following structures are silicon versions of important carbon signaling molecules in our body. 1.) What is the electron geometry and hybridization for each of these structures? H-Si-H H-H Silane Silanone Silicon Dioxide e geometry: e geometry: hybridization: e geometry: hybridization: hybridization: 2.) Based on what you have described above, match the orbital diagram below with the correct molecule above:

Is it possible to draw a resonance structure with the lone pair? What is the hybridization of the heteroatom? Draw a valence bond orbital diagram to show the location of the lone pair (you do not need to draw any orbitals to show s bonds). In what orbital are the electron pairs located?

What is the hybridization of each carbon atom in the following structure.