DNA molecule, which embodies genes, the hereditary units, is found in all living things. Science showed that genes could be expressed in any microorganism, meaning that DNA will direct the synthesis of proteins needed for various biological functions and structures.To reduce the costs of production, pharmaceutical companies use biotechnology to generate human insulin in bacteria.Can you describe the steps leading to the production of this hormone in industrial quantities?

DNA molecule, which embodies genes, the hereditary units, is found in all living things. Science showed that genes could be expressed in any microorganism, meaning that DNA will direct the synthesis of proteins needed for various biological functions and structures.To reduce the costs of production, pharmaceutical companies use biotechnology to generate human insulin in bacteria.Can you describe the steps leading to the production of this hormone in industrial quantities?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter15: Genomes And Genomics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 12QP: One unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a...

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Suppose that you are hired by a biotechnology firm to produce a strain of giant fruit flies, by using recombinant DNA technology, so that genetics students will not be forced to strain their eyes when looking at tiny flies. You go to the library and learn that growth in fruit flies is normally inhibited by a hormone called shorty substance P (SSP). You decide that you can produce giant fruit flies if you can somehow turn off the production of SSP. SSP is synthesized from a compound called XSP in a single-step reaction catalyzed by the enzyme runtase: XSP———————>SSP runtase A researcher has already isolated cDNA for runtase and has sequenced it, but the location of the runtase gene in the Drosophila genome is unknown. In attempting to devise a strategy for turning off the production of SSP and producing giant flies by using standard recombinant DNA techniques, you discover that deleting, inactivating, or otherwise mutating this DNA sequence in Drosophila turns out to be extremely…
Suppose that you are hired by a biotechnology firm to produce a strain of giant fruit flies by using recombinant DNA technology so that genetics students will not be forced to strain their eyes when looking at tiny flies. You go to the library and learn that growth in fruit flies is normally inhibited by a hormone called shorty substance P (SSP). You decide that you can produce giant fruit flies if you can somehow turn off the production of SSP. Shorty substance P is synthesized from a compound called XSP in a single-step reaction catalyzed by the enzyme runtase: A researcher has already isolated cDNA for runtase and has sequenced it, but the location of the runtase gene in the Drosophila genome is unknown. In attempting to devise a strategy for turning off the production of SSP using standard recombinant DNA techniques, you discover that deleting, inactivating, or otherwise mutating this DNA sequence in Drosophila turns out to be extremely difficult. Therefore, you must restrict your…
In order to manufacture insulin for patients with diabetes, scientists create recombinant DNA by inserting a human insulin gene into bacterial DNA, and have the bacteria produce human insulin. Using knowledge about gene expression, what must the scientists do to the DNA sequence of the human insulin gene BEFORE inserting into the bacteria, in order to have them produce the same insulin sequence that humans would produce? Explain.
What is the following answers to the image and use evidence to support your answer?
One unexpected result of the sequencing of the human genome was the finding that mutations in a single gene can be responsible for multiple distinct disorders. For example, mutations in the RET gene can cause two different types of multiple endocrine neoplasias, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and Hirschsprung disease. How do you think mutations in a single gene can have such diverse effects?
Why is recombinant Insulin produced by genetic engineering need to be processed?
Match each one (they can be repeated): 1) Plasminogen- Plasmin 2) Pro-insulin- Insulin 3) CFTR CL- Premature Termination Codon NMD 4) Myostatin-PTC 5) uRNAs-Disorders in the autism spectrum 6) Nucleosome-acetylations, methylations a) translational b) transcriptional c) post-translational d) post-transcriptional
In order to manufacture insulin for patients with diabetes, scientists create recombinant DNA by inserting a human insulin gene into bacterial DNA and have the bacteria produce human insulin. Based on what you have learned in this unit about gene expression, what must the scientists do to the DNA sequence of the human insulin gene BEFORE inserting it into the bacteria, in order to have them produce the same insulin sequence that humans would produce? Explain.
A Patients with an inherited cancer have a mutation in a zinc-finger motif of P21 (a cell-cycle regulatory gene). Which of the following is the most likely result of this A) Decreased binding of a transcription factor to a DNA sequence B) Enhanced binding of hormones to receptors C) Enhanced transport of a hormone receptor complex into the nucleus D) Stimulation of mRNA synthesis E) "Unzipping" of leucine-rich helices
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You plan to synthesize a peptide to be used as a vaccine to treat melanoma, a particularly aggressive form of skin cancer. Normally, gp100, a protein on the surface of melanocytes, activates cell growth when it is bound by its ligand. Activation of the growth pathway depends on the presence of threonine in the ligand. The effective peptide vaccine will mimic the natural ligand, but won’t cause cell growth and division. Below is the sequence of the natural ligand: LDMKTAG In order to ensure your newly designed peptide vaccine does not cause cell growth upon binding, you must substitute the Threonine residue at position 5. What amino acid would you replace it with, bearing in mind that the peptide should still be similar enough to bind to the gp100 protein in the surface of melanocytes. Explain your choice. Your vaccine will be administered as a topical cream, and you require your peptide to have an overall neutral charge in order to be functional. At what pH should you formulate…
Bovine somatotropin (BST) Is a growth hormone approved to use in the United States to increase milk production in dairy cattle. Currently, It's use is banned in Canada. Independent studies completed by the FDA and world health organization have concluded that milk and meat from cows treated with BST are safe for human consumption. Researchers have shown the trace amount of BST can be found in milk and meat produced by BST-treated cows. BST can also be found in milk from untreated cows as it is naturally produced in the Kouse pituitary gland. BST has the same function and cows as a human growth hormone does in humans. Charlie, and animal rights activist, was concerned with the use of BST and dairy cows. She argued that BST increases the likelihood of cancer and diabetes mellitus in cattle. Do you agree or disagree with her? Explain why you agree or disagree with Charlie.