Distinguish primary endosymbiogenesis from secondary endosymbiogenesis.

Explain the process of endosymbiosis, as it relates to chloroplasts and mitochondria.

Which of these would be evidence against endosymbiosis? a) chloroplast have their own DNA O b) their structure resembles that of prokaryotes O c) the presence of one membrane O d) chloroplast resemble cyanobacteria

What is one argument against the idea that the nucleus has also become part of a eukaryotic cell via an endosymbiosis event?

Under the endosymbiotic theory for the origin of the eukaryotic cell. The ancestor of mitochondria and chloroplasts original became part of mutualism with a larger host cell. Which of the following best explains this mutualism?     A) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided specialized reproduction as part of the proto-germ line while the larger host cell provided energy for growth and reproduction.     B) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided gene products that could be used by the larger host cell for improved parasitization.     C) The mitochondria and chloroplasts provided molecular energy in return for protection by the larger host cell.     D) The mitochondria and chloroplasts produce toxins that the larger cell utilized to defend itself from other cells mutually increasing the defense of all those involved.

Select all of the following that provide evidence about the support to the Theory of Endosymbiosis. U U U Chloroplasts and mitochondria have their own DNA Chloroplasts and mitochondria are present in prokaryotic bacteria Chloroplasts and mitochondria are enclosed in a double membrane Chloroplasts and mitochondria divide by a process that closely resembles binary fission The DNA of chloroplasts and mitochondria is very similar to that of other free-living prokaryotes

Which of the following are lines of evidence for endosymbiosis? Inner membranes are similar to plasma membranes of prokaryotes O DNA structure in chloroplasts and mitochondria are similar to that of prokaryotes Mitochondrial ribosomes are more similar to prokaryotic than eukaryotic ribosomes O The DNA found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell is very similar to that of prokaryotes.

Describe the Theory of Endosymbiosis. a) Briefly define the Endosymbiotic Theory. 2 pts,b) Explain why the Theory of Endosymbiosis is considered a “theory” and not a “hypothesis.” 3 pts,c) Provide a description of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells, including at least 4 similarities and 4 structural differences. 4 pts,d) Describe the sequence of events with anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes that led to the formation of mitochondria and chloroplasts inside eukaryotic cells. (Be sure to define aerobic and anaerobic respiration.) 6 pts,e) Explain how each, the anaerobic ancestral proto-eukaryotes and aerobic prokaryotes, benefited from the relationship. 4 pts,f) Describe 7 pieces of evidence for this scientific theory. Some of this evidence will consist of a list of similarities between mitochondria characteristics and bacteria characteristics. Along with this list of similarities, explain HOW the characteristics are similar. 10 pts,g) The Endosymbiotic Theory…

Protists are a group of eukaryotic organisms that are brought together by scientists mostly by convenience. I) What is the relationship between all protists that ties them together? ii) provide an example of a autotrophic and heterotrophic protists group, iii) what is the relationship between the multicellular eukaryotes and the protists?

What is endosymbiosis and why is it considered to be the source of eukaryotic diversity? Why are we confident this only happened once? What is primary and secondary endosymbiosis? Was there another endosymbiotic event that led to a third lineage? What group of organisms possesses a structure that might suggest this possibility and what is the structure? Why is the structure in question different from the ancestor of other plastids?