Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Distinguish between class I and class II MHC proteins.
MHC stands for Major Histocompatibility Complex. MHC proteins are a group of surface genes which are present on the membrane of nucleated cells which are used to recognize antigens that are present between self and non-self bodies.
| MHC class I proteins | MHC class II proteins |
| These are found in all nucleated cell surfaces found present in mammals. | These are found in cells presenting antigens such as B-cells, macrophages etc. |
| These consists of 3 alpha domains and 1 beta domain. | These consists of 2 alpha domains and 2 beta domains. |
| They bind to the endogenous antigens that are synthesized inside the cell. | These proteins bind to the exogenous antigens that will originate outside the cell from foreign bodies. |
| They will present antigens to the cytotoxic T cells. | They will present antigens to the helper T cells. |
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