Dissolved carbon dioxide in seawater occurs mainly in three inorganic forms (see figure below): free aqueous carbon dioxide (CO2(aq)), bicarbonate (HCO3), and carbonate ions (CO3²). (a) Using the figure, rank the concentrations of these species from highest to lowest. (b) If surface ocean pH were to fall from 8.0 to 7.0, how would this ranking change? -1.5 2 H+ Surface Ocean pH OH HCO3 -2.5 -3 CO₂ Log [concentration (mol kg¹)] сл + -4.5 50 2 4 6 PH 8 10 co 123 12 14

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The pOH of an aqueous solution of 0.591 M phenol (a weak acid), C,H5OH, is

(a) Using the expression Ka=[H+][A−]/[HA], explain how to determine which solution has the lower pH, 0.10MHF(aq) or 0.10MHC2H3O2(aq). Do not perform any numerical calculations. (b) Which solution has a higher percent ionization of the acid, a 0.10M solution of HC2H3O2(aq) or a 0.010M solution of HC2H3O2(aq) ? Justify your answer including the calculation of percent ionization for each solution.

The ionization constant, K, for weak base, B, is 3.49 x 10-8. What is the pH of a 0.6975 M solution of this base? The equation for the ionization of weak base B as follows. B (aq) + H20(1) = BH*(aq) + OH"(aq) Report your answer with two places past the decimal. THint: Use an ICE table.)

A 0.018 M solution of salicylic acid, HOC6H4CO2H, has the same pH as 0.0038 M HNO3solution. (a) Write an equation for the ionization of salicylic acid in aqueous solution. (Assume only the –CO2H portion of the molecule ionizes.) (b) What is the pH of solution containing 0.018 M salicylic acid? (c) Calculate the Ka of salicylic acid.

The pH of an aqueous solution of 0.400 M hydrocyanic acid, (Ka (HCN) = 4.00 × 10-10) is

Calculate pH and pOH for each of the following solutions and determine whether thesolution is acidic, basic or neutral:(i) [H3O+] = 4.1 x 10-10 M (ii) [OH–] = 7.6 x 10-3 M(iii) [OH–] = 6.9 x 10-4 M (iv) [H3O+] = 3.5 x 10-6 M

5) Find the concentration of H30*(aq) in a 1.75 M solution of lactic acid, HC3H5O3, at 25°C. Ka= 1.38 x 10*. 6) Write the equilibrium expression for the ionization of HOI, and calculate the concentration of HOI(aq) in solution if [H3O*]=2.3 x 10° M and pKa = 10.7 at 25°C.

(a) Define a Lewis acid and a Lewis base. (b) Define an Arrhenius acid and an Arrhenius base. (c) Identify As2O5 as either a Brønsted-Lowry, a Lewis, or an Arrenius acid or base, and justify your answer to part (c) by writing a balanced chemical equation in showing As2O5 added to water.