Describe the role played by each enzyme, cofactor, andcoenzyme of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

What three steps are included in the breakdown of pyruvate? Explain the importance of AcetylCo A as a regulatory molecule for cellular respiration.

Briefly describe the role and location of each cofactor/coenzyme involved in the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. The five cofactors/coenzymes are TPP, Coenzyme A, Lipoate, FAD, and NAD! Please describe their roles in pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction and where they are each located!

How does Pyruvate dehydrogenase contribute to metabolism?

In transamination processes, pyridoxal phosphate is an essential coenzyme. This coenzyme has previously been observed in glycogen metabolism. Pyridoxal phosphate is required by which enzyme in glycogen metabolism, and what function does the coenzyme perform in this enzyme?

Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-4 (PDK-4) is a widely expressed isoform of PDK and is responsible for inhibiting pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex activity via phosphorylation. When PDK-4 is active, the PDH complex is in its phosphorylated state and pyruvate cannot be converted into acetyl-CoA for entry into the citric acid cycle. Instead, in gluconeogenic tissues like liver and kidney, pyruvate is channeled to support gluconeogenesis. Conversely, when PDK-4 is inactive, the PDH complex readily converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. A researcher wants to determine the role of PDK-4 on blood glucose homeostasis. To accomplish this, she proposes to generate a PDK-4 knockout mouse using CRISPR technology. To create the knockout mouse, she must first generate PDK-4 knockout embryos to implant into pseudopregnant female mice. Arrange the steps to outline the process by which she will generate the PDK-4 knockout embryos. First step Last step Answer Bank Generate Cas9 mRNA and sgRNA specific to…

Deficiencies in the conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA may result in severe neurological developmental defects in children.  A child presents with these symptoms.  Tests reveal that this child has abnormally high levels of Pyruvate in mitochondria and low levels of Hydroxyethyl TPP.    What is your diagnosis on the specific enzyme deficiency in this child that may be causing the symptoms   Explain in 3 – 5 sentences

During Krebs cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate involves all of the following reactions/mechanisms except     Reduction of isocitrate     Reduction of NAD+     Decarboxylation of isocitrate     Oxidation of isocitrate

Which of the following conditions is most likely to lead to the activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase? High concentrations of acetyl-CoA High concentrations of NADH High concentrations of NAD+ High concentrations of CO2

What are enzymatic markers within the mitochondria of oxidative metabolism