Describe the role of differential electrical charge across the cell membrane in both non-excitable and excitable cells. Include in your description terms like equilibrium potential, hyperpolarization, depolarization, and the sodium-potassium pump. For excitable, think in terms of both neuron and muscle.

Q: 8. Equilibrium potential of different ions across the plasma membrane of a cell is calculated by the…

A: The saturation of the transient directional flow of charged ions at the cell membrane level is known…

Q: Describe in detail how movement of ions causes a neuron to fire . Make sure to include how membrane…

A: Every cell has an electric potential difference between inside and outside of the cell under the…

Q: 1) A drug was added to a cell with a resting membrane potential = -12mV. When added, the drug caused…

A: Note: As per the guidelines, we are answering the first question here. Please repost the other…

Q: EXTRACELLULAR INTRACELLULAR ION CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION (mM) (mM) K* 4 140 Na* 145 15 Cl- 110 4…

A: At the peak of action potential no flow of ions occur at equilibrium, means when membrane potential…

Q: Which of the following is contained inside the structure labeled "5"? Select all that apply. ооооо…

A: The synaptic knob (also known as synaptic terminal or bouton) is the part of a neuron that contains…

Q: a) A certain mammalian species (37 °C body temperature) has nerve cells with a resting potential of…

A: An action potential is initiated once the membrane potential goes above the excitation threshold of…

Q: Dr. Brainy decides to make a new cell that ONLY has one ion channel in its membrane. This channel is…

A: Based on the conditions, let's evaluate the potential outcomes: Membrane potential approaching 0 mV:…

Q: Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump…

A: The Sodium/Potassium pump is a transmembrane ATPase that is situated on the cytosolic side, in the…

Q: Select all the correct answers for the question that follows. The resting membrane potential of an…

A: Neuron or nerve cells are cells that act as messengers, they are able to undergo  electrical…

Q: Say if the following cells are excitable or not: 1. Neuron: 2. Skeletal muscle: 3. Skin: 4. Smooth…

A: Chemicals, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms make up the human body's…

Q: There are multiple potential causes for seizures. Determine which changes to protein function could…

A: Seizures - are neurological disorder, caused due to imbalance between excitatory & inhibitory…

Q: Reorder the items below to correctly label each number in the diagram. 3 4 Membrane Potential (mV)…

A: Plasma membranes are peppered with a variety of ion channels made up of membrane proteins. Some of…

Q: excitatory and 15 inhibitory postsynaptic potentials appear simultaneously on the plasmatic membrane…

A: EPSP is the excitatory postsynaptic potential. This is the graded potential whose function is to…

Q: Which of the following is one major difference? [Choose ] Only action potentials cause…

A: There is difference in the concentration of ions inside and outside the each cell of body and this…

Q: Multiple answers: How may have the drug affect the cell's resting membrane potential? What are…

A: The voltage across a cell membrane during the resting stage is known as the resting membrane…

Q: 3. Electrical Signal: The Action Potential In the figure to the left, name the 4 phases of the…

A: Action potential refers to a fast, propagating change in the resting membrane potential of a cell.…

Q: QUESTION 4 In the resting state: voltage-gated Na+ and K+ channels are both closed voltage gated Na+…

A: Voltage-gated ion channels:  a type of transmembrane proteins that results in formation of ion…

Q: - In terms of Na and K ion gradient /movement - what causes the action potential (positive charge…

A: The Na+ K+ ion gradient refers to the concentration difference of sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+)…

Q: Action potential +40 -55 Threshold Falled initiations Resting state -70 Stimulus 1 Refractory period…

A: Every cell has a potential that is difference in the charge due to many factors one of them is…

Q: ny does this ion contribute the most to the resting membrane potential (Vmrest) Because this ion…

A: The difference in the number of positively charged potassium ions (K+) inside and outside the cell…

Q: 66) A researcher conducts a voltage clamp experiment on a giant squid axon. She clamps a typical…

A: A voltage clamp is a technique in electrophysical technique that is used to measure the amount of…

Q: Compute the free energy change in Joules that occurs at 303 K as the cell is tranitions from resting…

A: For free energy calculation, we can use the Nernst free energy equationi.e ΔG = -nF.ΔEWhere, ΔG =…

Q: 1. Describe the role of differential electrical charge across the cell membrane in both non-…

A: Definition: -  Membrane potential or Transmembrane Potential is a the difference of electric…

Q: Which of the following intracellular potentials would have the greatest electrical attraction for…

A: Cell Membrane potential is a potential slope that forces ion particles to move in one side. positive…

Q: a. If one reduced the extracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the…

A: All cells have an electrical potential difference or membrane potential across their plasma…

Q: Please help me answer this question  Use the colored symbol on the side for the answer  Thank you

A: We will examine a series of images depicting the different stages of an action potential and…

Q: At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why?  Explain why…

A: The graph represents action potential in neuron.

Q: What happens to membrane potential during manipulation 4 in the attached figure (Figure 4.13 of the…

A: The objective of the question is to understand the effect of metabolic inhibitors, such as…

Q: If the equilibrium potential for K+ is -90mV, and the charge inside the cell is -70mV, which…

A: Membrane potential is the difference in internal and external electric potential of a cell. This…

Q: Let's say that you are recording the membrane potential at the soma, as shown in the following

A: In human body ,the neuron cell shows a peculiar property called as action potential it is a result…

Q: what is the equilibrium membrane potential

A: According to the Nernst equation, Equilibrium potential across the membrane for an ion= (61/z) log10…

Q: m/potassium/calcium) siowiy enters the cell. This causes the membrane potential to reach…

A: The typical resting membrane potential of a cell which is negative, arises from the separation of…

Q: a. If one increased the extracellular concentration of K+ around a neuron, what would happen to the…

A: Resting membrane potential is negative because the negative charge is present inside the cell which…

Q: QUESTION 4 If you open an Na+ channel in a typical neuron: Na+ will enter the cell, and the cell…

A: Role of sodium channels in typical neurons.

Q: Let's say you have neurons in a petrie dish bath in a solution in which the extracellular K+…

A: Membrane potential(Vm) is defined as the potential created due to the difference in the electric…

Q: Describewhat role potassium plays in healthy, normal excitable cells. First, describe what potassium…

A: The resting membrane potential is the result of the development of a few diverse ion species through…

Q: 23. Neurotransmitter binding to the post-synaptic membrane, opening of potassium and/or chloride…

A: Epsp  Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) is the change in membrane voltage of a postsynaptic…

Q: d) Use the graph below to complete the table: +40 0 What channel is open? What channel is closed? A…

A: Neurotransmitters can serve as chemical messengers for ion channels, neurotransmitter mainly causes…

Q: Given an extracellular [Pi-2] of 4mM and an intracellular [Pi-2] of 40 mM, what is the equilibrium…

A: The equilibrium potential is an important concept in understanding the electrical properties of cell…

Q: Question 6 Which of the following statements about graded potentials and action potentials is true?…

A:

Q: Question 4 Place the following events in order of their occurrence. 1. membrane repolarizes 2. K+…

A: Introduction: Voltage-gated Sodium channels move sodium ions through the plasma membrane of cells…

Q: Please correct answer asap thanks

A: We can say that Neurons are a type of cells and a functional unit of the nervous system which is…

Osmosis

In simple words, osmosis is the slow, gradual movement of a liquid through a membrane. But there are nuances to this process. For instance, there has to be an imbalance in the distribution of solute in the liquid on either side of the membrane, which has to be semipermeable. The liquid in the region with a lower solute concentration moves to the region with a higher concentration, thereby displacing the solution in the process. The objective is to equalize the concentration of molecules on both sides of the membrane; the displacement of liquid can be viewed as a byproduct of this equalization. Since there is no energy required to carry osmosis, it is considered a passive process.