Describe the relationship of fluid shifts to certain disease processes and signs and symptoms including disorders such as fluid volume overload and fluid volume deficit states.

Q: Indicate the reason for the increase in blood acidity (write the chemical reaction) in conditions of oxygen deficiency (hypoxia).

Fluid balance is largely maintained in the human body by which of the following?   Kidneys   Pineal gland   Pancreas   Bladder

B. Ascending loops of Henle facilitate sodium transport through the sodium-potassium ATPase channels. The osmolarity of the interstitial fluid in the medulla region of the kidney is affected by sodium-potassium ATPase activity in the loop of Henle. How will this affect urine production? Describe how a decrease in sodium-potassium ATPase activity would affect sodium transport in the ascending loop of Henle, resulting in changes in sodium concentration in the interstitial fluid, water reabsorption, and urine synthesis in nephrons.