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- In electron micrographs of HSV infection, it can be seen that the intact virus initially reacts with cell-surface proteoglycans, then with specific receptors. This is later followed by viral capsids docking with nuclear pores. Afterward, the capsids go from being full to being "empty." Which of the following statements best fits these observations? The viral envelope is not required for infectivity, since the envelope does not enter the nucleus. The viral envelope mediates entry into the cell, the capsid mediates entry into the nuclear membrane, and the genome is all that enters the nucleus. Only the genetic material of the virus is involved in the cell's infectivity, and is injected into the host cell like the genome of a phage. Viral capsids are needed for the cell to become infected; since the full capsids enter the nucleus.docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAlpQLSen_DnlxjlAa6EoAyAOhS Gitcmj9fQ_M4bwAg1Wizsq5Yp4A/formResponse O YouTube Maps nanswers TaT4 are rUC Which of the following are true regarding testosterone? * (1) Testosterone acts on specific target cells to stimulate male sexual characteristics. (2) Testosterone is directly stimulated by the release of GnRH. (3) Testosterone produces a negative feedback mechanism to regulate GnRH. (4) If spermatogenesis is slow, testosterone production is stimulated. O A- If answers (1), (2) and (3) are TRUE B- If answers (1) and (3) are TRUE O C- If answers (2) and (4) are TRUE O D- If only answer (4) is TRUE O E- If answers (1), (2), (3) and (4) are TRUE Which is true of the following statements regarding COVID-19? (1) SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19 (2) The new coronavirus can infect the upper or lower part respiratorv svstemDescribe the structural features of the human immunodeficiency virus and the host cell membrane that are required for infection to occur.
- “Type I interferons serve as the first line of defence against viral infections”. Give a schematic representation of their mechanism of action and also explain how they interfere with viral replication.Briefly describe the events leading to the synthesis of viral proteins. Begin with the genome; assume this is a negative single-stranded RNA virus (-SSRNA).Viruses can easily mutate exchange genetic material, mechanisms referred to as antigenic drift and antigenic shift. These changes allow the virus to evade the immune system defenses. Match each term with the correct definition Antigenic drift [ Choose ] [Choose ] Different strains of a virus or strain of different viruses, combine and form a new strain that now has a mixture of the surface antigens Antigenic shift The virus changes genetically by accumulating mutations within the genes that code for antibody-binding sites
- In the subject of Norovirus, the polyprotein chain broken into pieces by viral proteases and that results in several viral proteins, which mainly affect the small intestine. What is the exact role of each specific viral protein? ExplainRhinoviruses, the most common cause of colds, do not have a lipid envelope. Compared to enveloped viruses, these and other nonenveloped viruses tend to remain infectious outside the body longer, are more likely to be spread by contact with surfaces, and are less likely to be rendered harmless by exposure to hand sanitizer or hand washing. Explain how the lack of an envelope could contribute to these characteristics.with HIV, explain the mechanism of intracellular infection and the role of reverse transcriptase. What would you explain about the process? What is the significance of the CD4+ count? ( Discuss the meaning of various ranges of CD4 counts.) List 5 opportunistic infections AND describe data to suggest whether or not a patient has such an infection.
- a) How virus vaccine, under immune system processes (via dendritic cells, T-Cells and B-Cells), can help people against real virus infection. b) Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and their entry process on host cells. Then, if you choose onetype of virus protein (spikes, nucleocapsid, membrane or envelope) should be used for vaccine,which is the best candidate? Why?Which of the following highly contagious viruses is a single-stranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) virus with a helical capsid and envelope and is transmitted by coming in contact with respiratory secretions? "This is a highly contagious respiratory illness transmitted when an infected person coughs or sneezes virus particles into the air," the health department said in a written statement. "It's so contagious that if one person is sick and spreading measles, nine out of 10 people around them who aren't immune will get it, too." Group of answer choices a. Measles b. Parvovirus c. Coxsackie virus A d. RhinovirusSelect the most accurate answer: All of the following about adenovirus life cycle is correct EXCEPTA. initiates with attachment to cell surface receptors via interaction of the pentons with integrin proteinsB. Virus is internalized by receptor-mediated endocytosis, escapes from endosome to the cytosol and translocates to the nucleus to begin viral transcription and replicationC. The late gene products are involved in gene transcription, replication, host immune suppression and apoptosis inhibition of host cell, and early gene products are responsible for virion assemblyD. cell death is triggered to release viral progeny upon completion of the viral life cycle