Describe the function and significance of ubiquitin and the proteasome in the regulation of gene expression.

Q: Define histone variant, and explain why histone variants are functionally important.

A: A complex of macromolecules consisting of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), and…

Q: Explain the process of pre-mRNA splicing in nuclear genes.

A: Pre-messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) splicing is essential process for the gene expression in…

Q: How regulatory protein can regulate/inhibit the gene expression?  Please explain at your own words.

A: The gene expression is the production of RNA from DNA or gene by the process called transcription.…

Q: Explain Phenotypes of mutations in genes encoding transcription factors.

A: Some genetic disorders caused by mutation in genes encoding components of the transcriptional…

Q: Explain how the translation and degradation of an mRNA may be controlled by RNA-binding proteins.

A: mRNA or messenger RNA (Ribonucleic acid) is bound by many RNA-binding proteins throughout its…

Q: Describe the roles of RNA molecules in gene expression.

A: We know that An RNA is a single-stranded helical structure that is present in all biological cells.…

Q: explain how covalent modification of proteins regulate gene expression

A: Enzyme based modification of proteins is called a covalent modification. The modification of the…

Q: Describe how prokaryotic gene expression occurs at the transcriptional level

A: Biology is the scientific approach to study life. All the living forms share certain key features…

Q: Describe the ways in which gene expression is regulated Must include: • Transcription factors •…

A: Transcription factors and Histone acetylation favors gene expression and DNA methylation represses…

Q: Explain why protein glycosylation may determine the choice of a protein expression system

A: Proteins are polymers of amino acids. The steps in the formation of a protein are the transcription…

Q: Explain Molecular Mechanisms of Transcription Repression and Activation.

A: MOLECULAR MECHANISM OF TRANSCRIPTION : during transcription , a DNA molecule is copied into RNA…

Q: Explain how RNA-binding proteins regulate the translationof specific mRNAs, using the regulation of…

A: The cellular iron content is maintained by the IRP-IRE regulatory mechanism. IRPs are cytosolic…

Q: Compare the roles of general and specific transcriptionfactors in regulating gene expression.

A: Gene is a functional unit of heredity. A gene is a sequence of nucleotides in genome that codes for…

Q: Describe the diff erent types of RNA and their basic functions in genetic expression.

A: RNA: RNA is referred to as a major macromolecule that is available in all cells. It is referred to…

Q: Describe the structural features of transcription activator and repressor proteins.

A: The process of transcription is considered a crucial process for the formation of proteins in a…

Q: In transcription which subunit in bacteria is largely responsible for recognizing the promoter?

A: The process of copying the genetic sequence in DNA into mRNA. Bacterial transcription is the process…

Q: Describe the processes of transcription, translation, and post-transcriptional processing.

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid is a polymer made up of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other…

Q: Explain how the genetic code is used in the expression of a gene.

A: The information saved in the genetic material (DNA or RNA) that is converted into RNA to form…

Q: Discuss histone remodeling and its effect on transcription.

A: Histone-modifying complexes are protein complexes that catalyse the addition or removal of different…

Q: Define transcription-coupled repair.

A: Transcription coupled repair is a subpathway. Here we will know about the definition of…

Q: Discuss the role of GTP in the functioning of translational factors

A: Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is one of the nucleotide  that make up an RNA molecule It consists of a…

Q: Define the basic requirements for histone modifications ?

A: Histones are basic proteins that combine with DNA in the nucleus for the condensation of DNA into…

Q: Explain how iRNA works to down-regulate gene expression.

A: A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of a cell such that the sequence deviates from what is…

Q: Describe the roles of RNA molecules in gene expression

A: RNA is an important biological macromolecule that is present in all biological cells. It is…

Q: Describe transcription, including the processes of initiation, elongation, and termination.

A: Transcription is one of the processes in central dogma in which information of DNA transcribed into…

Q: Define the epigenetic mechanisms - regulation of gene expression by noncoding RNA molecules ?

A: Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in phenotype (appearance) or gene expression that are…

Q: processes that control gene expression at the: a. transcription level - b. post-transcription…

A: Gene expression Gene expression is a process by which the genes in the cell chromatin are further…

Q: Define the Regulation of gene expression in bacteria ?

A: All the cells contain genes in them. Genes carry the information on hereditary material. Genes are…

Q: Define about cis-regulatory sequences on the mRNA ?

A: mRNA - It has the tripartite structure with a 5' untranslated region( UTR), and coding region…

Q: Explain how histone modifications affect transcription.

A: Histones are a family of basic proteins, which associate with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the…

Q: describe mRNA splicing

A: Introduction: Copying of DNA to mRNA is a process called transcription. Post-transcriptional events…

Q: distinguish between IS and Tn transposableelements

A: The gene in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that are capable of moving from one position to another…

Q: Explain how the expression of a single gene can be quickly,efficiently,and specifically shut down at…

A: Transcriptional in molecular biology and genetics is a process that regulates the conversion of DNA-…

Q: Define the role of mRNA localization and translational control ?

A: mRNA Localization (is a multi-step process). The pre-mRNA is bound by RNA binding proteins (blue…

Q: Describe the recognition process by which the tRNA for Nformylmethionine interacts with the portion…

A: N-formylmethionine is a derivative of the amino acid methionine in which a formyl group has been…

Q: Describe ways to achieve post-transcriptional control of gene expression

A: Transcription is the process in which RNA is transcribed with the help of the DNA template. In the…

Q: Identify the mechanisms of transcriptional,posttranscriptional and translation control of gene…

A: Transcription is controlled by limiting the amount of mRNA that is produced from a particular gene.…

Q: explain  DNA methylation in gene expression Provide examples

A: Gene expression is the process through which a gene's information is used to create a functional…

Q: Describe the organization of a protein-encoding gene and its mRNA transcript.

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a double stranded helical genetic material containing thousands of…

Q: Define the types of regulation fine-tune levels of gene expression in bacteria. ?

A: Gene regulation refers to the way in which a cell uses its DNA to express proteins and can be split…

Q: Define DNA methylation, and explain how it affects transcription.

A: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the hereditary unit of life, which carries the genetic information in…

Q: Compare the roles of general transcription factors and transcriptional activator proteins.

A: Transcription is the process of translating info from one stranded DNA molecule to a new molecule of…

Q: Give examples of the different classes of mutations that affect the base sequence of DNA in protein…

A: Mutations are well stated to define that they are used to refer to changes or alterations that occur…

Q: Explain the role of Mediator in transcription.

A:

Q: The selection of a specific promoter to activate during mRNA synthesis is determined by:

A: The selection of specific promoter is achieved by the set of specific transcription factors in the…

Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.