Describe the difference between ionic and covalent bonds.
Q: 13. Observe the diagrams below. Which sugar(s) is(are) epimers of xylose? Specify the carbon that is…
A: Stereochemistry involves the study of the spatial arrangement of atoms that form the structure of a…
Q: Determine whether a salt bridge interaction can occur between the side-chains of each of the amino…
A: Protein folding occurs at four different levels: primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. At…
Q: Which of the following statements is NOT correct Polysaccharides require less energy to breakdown…
A: The four types of biological macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acid, carbohydrates and lipids.…
Q: The image below shows the urea cycle. Based on the information in the image, which of the following…
A: The urea cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions that produces urea from ammonia. It is a sequence…
Q: Which of the following is true regarding the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme PEPCK? a) It produces…
A: The reaction catalyzed by the enzyme PEPCK (Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) is an important step…
Q: Consider ³H-labeled pyruvate (containing three ³H at C3) and ¹4C-labeled OAA (¹4C at C3) are added…
A: Here we are tracking the hydrogen atoms in the methyl group of pyruvate and a carbon between two…
Q: Compare and contrast the aerobic respiration and fermentation in terms of pathways found in each,…
A: All organisms must respire to generate energy from food. There are two types of respiration: aerobic…
Q: Which of the following is the fourth step of glycolysis? Select one: a. Phosphoenolpyruvate is…
A: The metabolic process by which a glucose molecule is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate with…
Q: Role of the triacyl glycerol cycle. Summarize the cycle referring to the figure. What role does the…
A: Triacyclglycerol is a glycerol molecule esterified at its three hydroxyl groups by 3 fatty acid…
Q: rate of transport Vmax 1/2Vmax transporter-me ted diffusion Km simple diffusion concentration of…
A: Diffusion across a membrane is the process by which a substance moves from a region of higher…
Q: Below is the O₂ binding curve for adult Hb in whole blood (containing BPG) shown in red (labelled…
A: The pO2 in lungs is about 13.3 kPa, whereas in tissues it is 4kPa. A protein that carries oxygen to…
Q: 17. Melittin is a 26-amino acid polypeptide found in bee venom. In its monomeric form, melittin is…
A: As per the fluid mosaic model, biological membranes are made up lipid bilayer with proteins…
Q: 14.23) All forms of life can have their cells invaded by viruses. When viruses take over plant or…
A: Viruses are small infectious agents that can only replicate inside living host cells. They have a…
Q: What protecting groups in solid-phase peptide synthesis NOT do? a)Activate the carboxlic acid to…
A: Protecting groups are transient changes of functional groups on the amino acids utilized to…
Q: A set of biomolecules listed in the table at right are in solution at pH 6.8, when they are passed…
A: Ultrafiltration is a technique similar to dialysis where the sample containing a mixture of proteins…
Q: Write the balanced reaction catalyzed by phophoenolpyruvate carboxylase (P PC). Remember to add any…
A: Oxaloacetate is a vital metabolite for lifeforms. It is used to generate energy and as a raw…
Q: 9. In sugars that contain many chiral centers, only the chiral center that is most distant from the…
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. They can be classified as monosaccharides,…
Q: A student performed an invertase activity assay on samples from a purification. All reactions…
A: Beer Lamberts law relates absorbance with concentration of analyte. The Beer lamberts expression is…
Q: Which of the choices correctly depicts succinyl-CoA? (Please note that there is a tremendous…
A: Glycolysis convert one 6-carbon molecule of glucose-6-phosphate into two molecules of 3-carbon…
Q: 4. a. Calculate the KM (Michaelis constant) and the vmax (the maximum initial rate) for both…
A: Enzymes are biocatalysts which catalyze biochemical reactions. In the reaction, the substrate is…
Q: Indicate the following for each disaccharide: I) type of glycosidic linkage i.e. a(14) II)…
A: Understanding the characteristics and activities of carbohydrates depends on the measurement of the…
Q: Which of the following glycolytic enzymes is NOT subject to regulation a) Hexokinase b) PFK-1 c)…
A: Glycolysis is a metabolic pathway occurring in the cytoplasm of cells that breaks down glucose into…
Q: Why is oxaloacetate depletion from the TCA cycle important for the initiation of ketogenesis? What…
A: The TCA cycle is a central metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria of cells and is…
Q: Draw the chemical structure of the tripeptide CYS-LYS-ALA at pH 4.5. (show all atoms that are part…
A: Amino acids bind to each other through a peptide bond. This bond is formed between the carboxyl…
Q: Which of the following is not a characteristic of a primary standard material a. High molecular…
A: Standards are certain materials whose concentration is known to us from before. These standards are…
Q: Which fatty acid cannot undergo β-oxidation in principle, why? Write all the β-oxidation steps for…
A: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with a hydrocarbon chain ranging from 4 carbon to 36 carbons.…
Q: Typical activity curves of enzymes that are analyzed in the test tube, like the one presented below,…
A: Activity curve of an enzyme is a graph which plots the amount of decrease in substrate or increase…
Q: 19. The AG, the standard free-energy change, for the isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate…
A: The rate of a chemical reaction refers to how quickly reactants are converted into products over…
Q: 7. An enzyme-catalyzed reaction proceeds by the mechanism below: E+S1→ES --2E+P E+A 3 EA EA+S4EAS -5…
A: The Rapid Equilibrium Assumption (REA) refers to the assumption that the formation of the…
Q: The image below shows the ATP cycle. From the statements below, select the correct statement about…
A: ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. It is very crucial molecule that serves as the primary energy…
Q: A completed concept map for this unit includes but is not limited to the following ideas: concept…
A: Macromolecules are large molecules that are made up of smaller subunits known as monomers. There are…
Q: "Anaerobic glycolysis" (the conversion of glucose all the way to two lactate molecules) results in…
A: “Anaerobic glycolysis” ( the conversion of glucose all the way to two lactate molecules ) results in…
Q: Arrange the steps of breakdown of oleic acid (pictured below) in the correct order. 1 2 3 4 5…
A: Beta oxidation: The enzyme fatty acyl-CoA synthase (FACS) adds a CoA group to the fatty acid chain…
Q: The diffusion rate of four different membrane proteins (A, B, C, and D) was measured using a FRAP…
A: Here we are trying to figure out the relative mobility of 4 proteins in the phospholipid bilayer of…
Q: Describe how temperature affects the rate of an enzymatically catalyzed reaction.
A: All proteins are composed of monomers called amino acids. The amino acids form particular bonds with…
Q: A fragment of a protein commonly found in food was sequenced and found to have the sequence: RDCEHKY…
A: The four types of biological macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates.…
Q: 15.23) Explain the difference between ketogenesis and ketoacidosis.
A: Ketogenesis is a metabolic process that involves the breakdown of fatty acids and certain ketogenic…
Q: 9. Scopolamine is an antagonist at which of the following receptors? a. nicotinic b. muscarinic c.…
A: Muscarinic receptors are found in various organs throughout the body, including the heart, lungs,…
Q: How many total ATP are REQUIRED to make 2 molecules of glucose in the liver via GNG starting with 4…
A: Gluconeogenesis (abbreviated as GNG) is the metabolic pathway that synthesizes glucose molecules…
Q: Question 1: Which separation technique exploits the solubility differences of proteins?
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. There are mainly 20 different amino acids that are used as the…
Q: State the steps of beta-oxidation pathway. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors…
A: Both prokaryotic cells' cytoplasm and the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells use the metabolic pathway…
Q: Enzyme specificity (list the different types of enzyme specificities)
A: In enzyme catalysed reaction, the enzyme lowers this activation energy, thereby speeding up the…
Q: Calculate the ΔG° for the making of 30 ATP from 30 ADP ATP + H2O ↔ ADP + Pi ∆G°’ = –30.5 kJ/mol…
A: If the change in standard Gibbs free energy (∆G0') of a forward reaction is 'x' , then the ∆G0' of…
Q: Atp bookkeeping. Explain where the number of 38 and 32 atp per glucose molecules comes from
A: Glucose oxidation is the process of breaking down of glucose completely through the process…
Q: 33. Which accompanies that formation of fumarate: a. ATP b. GTP C. NADH d. FADH2
A: The TCA or tricarboxylic acid cycle, occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells and in the…
Q: What is the classification of the side chain R group in the amino acid shown here? H3N-CH-C-0 ī CH₂…
A: The proteins are constituted of twenty naturally occurring amino acids. The amino acids can be…
Q: 4) Suppose some yeast cells undergoing gluconeogenesis were treated with a 1:1 mixture of the two…
A: We have a reaction mixture containing 2 different types of pyruvate molecules, P1 and P2 , which…
Q: The first step of gluconeogenesis involves the carboxylation of pyruvate and has a large negative…
A: Carboxylation is the process of adding a carboxylate (COO-) group into a molecule. Upon…
Q: Based on the image below, which three purines are pictured. Be sure to select the correct name and…
A: Nucleic acids are composed of nucleotides (sugar, nitrogenous base & phosphate group). Nucleic…
Q: One thing we've mentioned a lot in this class is that pyruvate can only undergo further oxidation…
A: The reason why pyruvate can only undergo further oxidation (via PDH enzyme and TCA cycle) in the…
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