Describe and distinguish patterns of reproduction in monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. What aspects of mammalian reproduction characterize all mammals but no other vertebrates?
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Describe and distinguish patterns of reproduction in monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals. What aspects of mammalian reproduction characterize all mammals but no other vertebrates?
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- The evolution / development of the skeletal system of the vertebrate is an example of the process of cellular specialization. This refers to the fact? a) all the ectoderm cells remain the same b) the cells derived from the endoderm to form osteocytes that secrete collagen c) the cells of the endoderm form chondrocytes that become notochord d) genes are activated or surpressed in the cells from the original mesoderm causing them to become chondrocytes and osteocytes the stem cells that sequentially produce the componets of the skeleton e) genes are not involved in this function?The Cnidarian life-cycle varies from species to species. The species obelia is characterized by exclusively dominant medusa stage exclusively dominant polyp stage alternation between an asexual polyp form and sexual medusa form alternation between an asexual medusa form and sexual polyp formIs fecundation in mammalsinternal or external?
- Sea urchins live in marine communities that include a variety of species living in close proximity. Most of these species, including sea urchins, have external fertilization, a reproductive strategy that potentially has a low probability of sperm and egg contact. List several adaptations of sea urchins that help ensure successful reproduction. Explain.The reproductive strategy of giving birth to premature young, which have to crawl into the mother’s pouch for several days, first appeared in which of the following viviparous mammalian groups? prototherian mammals (like the duck-billed platypus) monotremes (like the spiny echidna) eutherian mammals (like the dog) placental mammals (like the beaver) metatherian mammals (like the red kangaroo)What are homeotic genes and what is the “homeobox” contained in such genes? What is the function of the homeobox? What are Hox genes? What is the significance of their apparently universal occurrence in animals?
- Which of the following is true about Sea urchin blastula formation and fate map? a) ectoderm that develops into the larval skin and neurons, is regularly produced by the vegetal half of the embryo. b) an1 layer generates cells that can enter either the ectodermal or endodermal organs of the larva. c) veg2 layer forms the endoderm, coelom (internal mesodermal body wall), and the non- skeletogenic mesenchyme. d) small micromeres differentiate into the PGCS e) large micromeres differentiate into the secondary mesenchyme cellsDefine the following terms with respect to mammalian development •Chormesodermal mantle •Somites •Neural plate •Neural tube •Neural crest •Spinal cord •Embryonic inductionConsidering a range of animals, what are the benefits of limiting reproduction to a specific time frame? Why do so many animal species have clearly defined reproductive seasons?
- What are the main orders of placental mammals? What are some representative species and distinguishing features of each of those orders?Briefly describe the reproductive behavior of frogs. In what impor-tant ways do leopard frogs (Lithobates pipiens) and pygmy salamanders (Desmognathus wrighti) differ in their reproduction?Describe the development of the notochord. Include the terms primitive pit, notochordal process, notochordal canal, neurenteric canal, notochordal plate, ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm in your descriptions. Include labeled diagrams in your description. With respect to the developing notochord, where is the cloacal membrane, allantois, embryonic ectoderm, embryonic endoderm, and embryonic mesoderm with reference to the developing notochord.