Define the following terms:a. botulismb. botulinum toxinc. t-SNAREd. v-SNAREe. membrane fusion
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Define the following terms:
a. botulism
b. botulinum toxin
c. t-SNARE
d. v-SNARE
e. membrane fusion
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- Different strains of Streptococcus pyogenes have different virulence factors, giving these microbes much versatility. Virulence factors include which of the following? Choose one or more: A.A capsule that, when thick, will help the organism avoid phagocytosis by macrophages B.A cell wall containing lipoteichoic acid, thought to facilitate adherence to pharyngeal epithelial cells C.Enzymes that lyse blood cells (streptolysins) D.The production of several endotoxins called streptococcal pyogenic endotoxins (SPEs)All of the following statements concerning endotoxins are correct except: Select one: A. they are produced only by Gram (+) cells B. they consist primarily of lipopolysaccharides C. they have systemic, rather than targeted, effects of the host D. they must be present in relatively high doses to effect the host E. they are released from a pathogen when it is dead or dyingThe following are the limitations of Koch's postulates EXCEPT: A. some pathogens cannot grow on artificial media and therefore cannot be identified as the causative agent of the disease B. some diseases involve multiple pathogens which produce similar symptoms making it difficult to pinpoint the causative agent C. some diseases are host-specific and re-inoculation may pose ethical concerns D. some microorganisms are present in the body fluids of the infected animal which make them difficult to be cultured
- Define the term botulism?Define the following terms:a. cytochrome b6f complexb. CF0c. CF1d. LCHIIe. Mn4CaO5Four of the five answers listed below are usually considered pathogenic. Select the exception. a. Mycobacterium tuberculosis b. Clostridium botulinum c. Thermus aquaticus d. Bacillus anthracis e. Borrelia burgdorferi
- For which of the following disease processes has microbial infection beenimplicated? Select all that apply.a. gastric ulcersb. diabetes type 1c. renal artery stenosisd. schizophreniae. obesityf. deep vein thrombosisAll of the following statements are correct regarding normal flora except Select one: a. The majority of skin normal flora is aerobic bacteria b. The majority of oral and intestinal normal flora are anaerobic bacteria c.The majority of normal flora is bacteria present in the large intestine d. Normal flora is only bacteriaAfter experiencing recurrent bacterial infections, you diagnose your patient, Mrs. Watts, with non immune mediated neutropenia. So which of the following would you prescribe to treat her condition (the bacterial infection)? (Please note: she is in generally good health and please think about the possible side effects of your medications.)a. tetracyclineb. streptomycinc. staphylococcal enterotoxin Bd. cyclosporinee. diflucan
- Status: Moving to another question will save this response. Question 16 Selecting the Exception Four of the five answers listed below are usually considered pathogenic. Select the exception. O a. Bacillus anthracis O b. Thermus aquaticus OC. Borrelia burgdorferi O d. Clostridium botulinum O e. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Moving to another question will save this response. ENG 4) O HUAWEIWhich of the following statements about botulism is true?a) It is caused by Bacillus botulinum, an obligate aerobe.b) The toxin is heat-resistant, withstanding temperatures of 100 8 C.c) The organism that causes botulism can cause disease withoutencountering the immune response.d) Vaccinations are routinely given to prevent botulism.e) Symptoms of botulism include uncontrolled contraction of muscles.The genera that may cause Pneumococcal Disease Select one: a. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus O b. Bacillus and Salmonella c. Listeria and Escherichia d. Clostridium and Bacillus
