Define Explain the role of CDK inhibitors. If cyclin-CDK com-plexes are necessary to allow regulated progression through the eukaryotic cell cycle, what would be the physiologicalrationale for CDK inhibitors?

Q: What inhibit CDK activity by bindingdirectly to the cyclin-CDK complex.

A: A cyclin-dependent kinase complex or CDKC or cyclin-CDK is formed by the interaction of a regulatory…

Q: TNF-alpha treatment of prostate carcinoma, LNCAP cells decreases cell survival as shown in the graph…

A: * TNF inhibitors are the  drugs helps to prevent inflammation to grow which are used to to treat…

Q: What is cyclin-CDK complexes

A: Cell cycle regulation is important without cues to grow or to stop growing. Cells would either…

Q: 16b) Suppose you have a cell in which the Iron Response Factor (IRF) protein is mutated so that it…

A: Iron is a trace element in our body, which is very important to produce hemoglobin which carries…

Q: BCL2 binds to and inactivates BAX and other pro-apoptotic proteins, thereby inhibiting apoptosis.…

A: Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is a malignancy in which the bone marrow produces an excessive number…

Q: Predict the outcome of the following hypothetical experiments and be sure to explain and be rational…

A: Three fictitious studies are given, all of which include medication treatments or molecular changes…

Q: Define SCF-proteasomedegrades phosphorylatedS phase CDK inhibitor

A: Misregulation of any aspect of the cell cycle may lead to developmental defects and diseases such as…

Q: a) What purpose does this forward reaction serve in that pathway?  b) Does the reverse reaction…

A: The Hippo signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that is the latest…

Q: Predict the effects of the following mutations on the ability of a cell to undergo apoptosis:a.…

A: KEY WORDS :- Mutations - Structure or the process of gene is changed or have any effect which can…

Q: APC is a ubiquitin ligase activated by M-cyclin Cdk What is the function of APC when bound to…

A: An integral regulator of cell division that is encoded by the CDC20 gene in humans is the cell…

Q: somatic tumors cause local regions in their vicinity to have an increased pOH, how is this strategic…

A: The T state or the tensed state of  hemoglobin is that of deoxy hemoglobin, that is, when it is not…

Q: Define about Several types of cellular stress events bring about rapidincreases in the nuclear…

A: The p53 is also known as the guardian of the genome. It is a tumor suppressor gene. The function of…

Q: A mutated form of protein p5x is found in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. In vitro studies…

A: A gene that produces a protein that is essential for regulating cell division and death and is…

Q: GAP protien mutation from Arg 789 to alanine constituvely activate the MAPK pathway by preventing…

A: Cell growth and cell division are essential for the development of an organism. A cell before any…

Q: You are treating a patient with breast cancer and assay indicates that their plasma PDGF level 6…

A: According to the gathered date, we can see that values above 3.0 fmol/100 micro-litres plasma…

Q: Using specific molecular evidence, elaborate on the remark "oocyte activation entails inactivation."

A: Egg activation refers to the early events that occur at fertilization and that start the development…

Q: Cultured cells were treated with a compound in early Gap 1 (G₁) phase resulting to arrest before…

A: The objective of the question is to identify the most plausible mechanism of cell cycle arrest in…

Q: Explain the use of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs) ?

A: Cyclins are cellular elements that drive or regulate the events of the cell cycle by combining with…

Q: Why is it advantageous for p53 to be activated by factorssuch as ER stress, UV light, and hypoxia…

A: The p53 is known as tumor protein formed from the TP53 gene. The protein acts as a tumor suppressor…

Q: Scientists have identified overexpression of Na+/K+ ATPases in several types of cancers plorectal…

A: It is given that we have to design a drug which is preventing the overexpression of the Na+/K+…

Q: Would the function of KRAS gene be lost or gained in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer derived cells? Please…

A: KRAS gene is a gene present on the short arm of chromosome 12 that is responsible for the formation…

Q: Explain how the specializations for M-phase function prevents the activities of Interphase,…

A: The cell cycle starts with resting (G0) phase. Then proceeding to interphase (G1 phase, S phase, G2…

Q: The balance between plus-end-directed and minus-end- directed motor proteins that bind to interpolar…

A: Microtubules are the rigid rod like structure which is hollow inside which helps in maintaining the…

Q: What is UPR? What is the downstream impact of UPR activation in an eucaryotic cell?

A: UPR stands for unfolded protein response. It is an intracellular signal transduction pathway that…

Q: Which are the events causing loss-of-heterozygosity in somatic cells of RB+/RB− individuals?

A: The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the genetic material that is inherited by the progeny from the…

Q: Gleevec was described in Video 2.5 as a drug targeting the BCR-ABL fusion protein, an abnormal…

A: This phenomenon is a common challenge in cancer therapy. This highlights the need for ongoing…

Q: which set of cells has a functional APC/C – those treated with siCon or those treated with siBRCA1?…

A: By designating particular proteins for degradation, the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C)…

Q: enzyme (Tyr 15 of phorylated, the en- -ylation state of any lows replication. The role of Cdk…

A: The cell cycle is highly regulated by different regulatory proteins that includes the cdc2 and…

Q: The destruction of the various cyclins is commonly used to inactivate the Cdk/cyclin complexes. Why…

A: Cancer or tumor growth occurs when the cell cycle regulation mechanisms fail to stop the division of…

Q: Why is it disadvantageous for single-celled eukaryotes such as yeast to undergo apoptosis?

A: Apoptosis or programmed cell death is genetically regulated phenomenon of selective elimination of…

Q: Practice ques tion 1A Mutations in the signalling pathways depicted above have been associated with…

A: For cancer to be triggered in any higher organism generally and mammals specifically, the need is to…

Q: What is the effect of having fluctuating cyclin levels throughout the cell cycle, while the levels…

A: Cell cycle  It is a series of events in which cell duplicate it's organelles and divide.

Q: Dr. Jace is a research officer in a laboratory that studies anticancer treatment. She is interested…

A: The maintenance of tissue homeostasis and embryonic development both include the natural…

Q: The enzyme Ste11 participates in several distinct MAP kinase signaling pathways in the budding yeast…

A: Ste11 is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The MAPK cascades is involve in mating, high…

Q: Describe an experiment that shows if early mouse embryo inner cell mass cells containing…

A: An experiment that demonstrates whether the inner cell mass of an early-stage mouse embryo contains…

Q: The output of RTK pathways is often the activation of MAP Kinase. Explain how MAPK can lead to…

A: There are many intercellular signaling pathways processing in the cells. RTK pathway is a…

Q: Signaling pathways often require receptor dimers to become active. What would be an advantage of the…

A: Most receptors dimerize during their association with their ligands. This dimerization provides them…

Q: pluripotent stem cells have allowed scientists to model various diseases and screen drugs in these…

A: The stem cells are the specific cells that can produce a complete plant or animal by the process of…

Q: Using M cyclin-Cdk as a specific model describe the different ways it can be activated or…

A: The mitotic (M) phase comprises of mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis is the process of cell division…

Q: Under normal physiological conditions, proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressors help control cell…

A: A significant contrast among the oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes is that oncogenes result from…

Q: explain the role of the two CKI families, such as INK4 and CIP/KIP in regulating adult stem cell…

A: Adult stem cell quiescence refers to a state of temporary and reversible cell cycle arrest that…

Q: Describe at least two Cdk regulation check points during the cell cycle, Describe how that Step is…

A: cell cycle is a series of events that takes place in a cell as it grows and divides. A cell spends…

Q: What role do aurora kinase play in the cell cycle and how would using these kinases as target  for…

A: A particular series of events undertaken in proper time frame inside different types of cells when…