Add Harm/Beneficence of this study
Harm/Beneficence.
The idea is to evaluate an action by following the ideas of utilitarian ethics ala John Stuart Mill. The focus would be on the identifying possible ways in which an action taken by a stakeholder would result in harm or benefit. Having identified potential harm and benefit, one can compare and weigh harm versus benefit in evaluating an action.
Steps like the following could be applied:
1. If the action is taken, determine who is affected (consequences)
2. Determine how they would be affected
3. Determine any harmful effects (financial loss, suffering, deprivation of
rights, reduce quality of life, increase risk, diminish security, etc)
4. Determine beneficial effects (financial gain, improve safety, elevate quality
of life, improve health, improve security, etc)
5. Compare the actions in terms of their relative harm and benefit, arriving at
action choices that provide gains in utility.
Special note for the final report is to write something about scalability and magnitude. For example, when considering Harm/Beneficence, include some information on how many people are affected on the Harm and on the Beneficence sides. It might be, for example, that in the case that you are considering that severe harm to just a few may not be as important as a great benefit for many.
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Add Going public.
This idea is to evaluate an action by envisioning how the stakeholder
would be publicly viewed if they took a particular action. This is along the lines of what
is sometimes called virtue ethics. As one extreme example, the actions of Adolph Hitler
resulted in him being almost universally viewed as being an evil man. At another
extreme, the actions of Martin Luther King or Nelson Mandala in promoting social
justice resulted in them being viewed as virtuous men. Steps like the following could be
applied:
1. If the action is taken, consider the ways in which others could learn about the
character of the stakeholder
2. Take the perspective of others and consider whether they would view you
unfavorably or favorably if the action is taken. It might be helpful to think in
terms of the following perceived virtues: responsibility, honesty, loyalty,
cooperativeness, courage, commitment to quality, and integrity.
Add Going public.
This idea is to evaluate an action by envisioning how the stakeholder
would be publicly viewed if they took a particular action. This is along the lines of what
is sometimes called virtue ethics. As one extreme example, the actions of Adolph Hitler
resulted in him being almost universally viewed as being an evil man. At another
extreme, the actions of Martin Luther King or Nelson Mandala in promoting social
justice resulted in them being viewed as virtuous men. Steps like the following could be
applied:
1. If the action is taken, consider the ways in which others could learn about the
character of the stakeholder
2. Take the perspective of others and consider whether they would view you
unfavorably or favorably if the action is taken. It might be helpful to think in
terms of the following perceived virtues: responsibility, honesty, loyalty,
cooperativeness, courage, commitment to quality, and integrity.
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