Daisy inherits a mutation from her mother that results in the phenotype of red hair. Evegny acquires a mutation in a cell in his pancreas as a result of exposure to high levels of radiation. What is the difference between these two mutations? Which of these two individuals will pass their mutation to offspring? Because Daisy's and Evegny's mutations are both found in somatic cells, neither Daisy nor Evegny will pass their mutation to their children. Daisy's mutation is in both somatic and germline cells, while Evegny's is only in a small number of somatic cells. Only Daisy will pass on her mutation. Evegny's mutation is in somatic cells, while Daisy's is in somatic and germline cells. Only Evegny will pass the mutation to his children. While these two mutations originate from different sources, both Daisy and Evegny can pass their mutations to their children. O O O

“In an organism that reproduces asexually, there is no difference between a somatic cell mutation and a germ line mutation.” Is this statement true? Explain.

Having a mutant form of the gene XYZ is associated with a higher incidence of cancer than is seen in the general population. If mutant XYZ runs in a woman’s family, will she automatically get cancer? Explain why or why not.

In a multi-cellular organism like a human, new mutations in occurring in somatic cells - such as skin cells - will be passed to the next generation (from parent to child). Select one: O True O False

Why would a mutation in a somatic cell of a multicellular organism not necessarily result in a detectable phenotype?

Genetic tests that detect mutations in the BRCA1 and BRCA2 oncogenes are widely available. These tests reveal a number of mutations in these genes—mutations that have been linked to familial breast cancer. Assume that a young woman in a suspected breast cancer family takes the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genetic tests and receives negative results. That is, she does not test positive for the mutant alleles of BRCA1 or BRCA2. Can she consider herself free of risk for breast cancer?

Sarah has always lived what many consider an active and healthy lifestyle. She makes a conscious effort to eat well and exercise daily, never smoked, and drinks moderately. Many of Sarah's female relatives (including her mother and grandmother) have had breast cancer. Sarah has decided to have her genome sequenced. She is specifically interested in whether she shows mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 that are linked to breast cancer. What information can be drawn from the sequence data Sarah will receive? Justify your answer. • Sarah will know if she will develop breast cancer. • Sarah will know if and when she will develop breast cancer. • Sarah will know the severity of her breast cancer based on the number of mutations; that is, the more mutations in those genes, the greater the severity of the disease. • Sarah will know whether she is predisposed to breast cancer. • Sarah will know that she will not develop breast cancer if there are no mutations in those genes.

In man, muscular dystrophy is a condition in which the muscles waste away during early life and may result in a shorter life expectancy. It is due to a sex-linked, recessive gene. A certain couple has five children – three boys (ages 1yr, 3yrs, and 10yrs old) and two girls (ages 5yrs and 7yrs old). The oldest boy shows the symptoms of this disease. You are their family physician and they come to you for advice. What would you tell them about the chances of their other children developing the disease?

The dominant condition elliptocytosis causes red blood cells to become misshapen into oval-shaped cells. One of the genes responsible for the abnormal shape encodes the band 4.1 protein that together with ankyrin and other scaffold proteins creates and maintains the spherical concave shape of a normal red blood cell. The gene for band 4.1 protein, EPB41, is found on the p arm of chromosome 1. This is very close to the gene encoding the red blood cell Rhesus (Rh) blood type, either phenotype + (dominant) or - (recessive), with a recombination frequency of 2%. This means that 98% of the time alleles for these two genes are linked and are transmitted together. Diane and Jack are siblings, and both have elliptocytosis and Rh+ blood type. Due to the elliptocytosis, both had emergency splenectomies after having severe anemia. Their younger brother, Devonté, has not yet shown signs of elliptocytosis, but has Rh- blood. André, their dad, also has elliptocytosis and Rh+ blood; while their…

A defective gene on chromosome 15 causes Tay-Sachs disease. It is a central nervous system neurodegenerative disease that most often affects infants, though older children and adults can have late-onset forms of the disease. The defective gene prevents the body from making a protein called hexosaminidase A. Without, hexosaminidase A, chemicals called gangliosides build up in the nerve cells of the brain, destroying brain cells.A couple has one daughter with Tay-Sachs disease and three other unaffected children. Neither the mother, nor father, nor any of the biological grandparents of the affected daughter have had the disease. Tay-Sachs disease most likely demonstrates what type of inheritance? Pedigree information regarding the incidence of Tay-Sachs within a family is depicted above. The row below that indicates the genotypes of individuals II-1, II-2, and III-1 is Select one: a. II-1 II-2 III-1 Aa Aa aa b. II-1 II-2 III-1 XAY XAXa XAXa c. II-1 II-2 III-1…