Coronaviruses have a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. a.) What is the genome replication strategy of this category of viruses? b.) How do you think this feature affects the stability of the viral genome? (hint use figure below)

Coronaviruses have a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome. a.) What is the genome replication strategy of this category of viruses? b.) How do you think this feature affects the stability of the viral genome? (hint use figure below)

Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305441620

Author:WOODROW

Publisher:WOODROW

Chapter5: Abbreviations And Systems Of Measurement

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 5CRQ

See similar textbooks

Related questions

Q: What is a retrovirus and how does information flow for a retrovirus differ from that for the…

A: A virus is a microscopic parasite that can replicate and reproduce only inside living cells. The…

Q: What is a nucleocapsid? Give examples of viruses with the twocapsid types.

A: Capsid refers to the protective covering of a virus made up of protomers. Protomers are the…

Q: What is unusual about genetic information flow in retroviruses?

A: The greatest breakthrough in the central dogma was the discovery of retroviruses that transcribe RNA…

Q: As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason…

A: The first macromolecule to act as genetic material in a living organism was RNA. During the course…

Q: What is the structure of the influenza virus? What are its unique characteristics

A: A virus is a biological particle that infects the host by entering it and then reproducing inside it…

Q: What are retrovirus-like elements?

A: Retrovirus-like elements include retroviruses and long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing…

Q: Most humans are not easily infected by avian influenza. How, then, do DNA sequences from avian…

A: Deoxy ribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic material of most organisms that carry coded genetic…

Q: Although many +ssRNA viruses use their genomr directly as mRNA retroviruses do not. instead their…

A: Retroviruses have a very unique mechanism . They are single stranded RNA viruses, instead of using…

Q: What is the virus transmission, the morphology and the family name of the virus that causes…

A: Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease caused by an influenza virus.

Q: What is unique about Z-DNA that might make it a specific target during viral infection?

A: Z-DNA is a type of double-helical structure of DNA. It shows a left-handed double helical structure…

Q: What is crystallization of a virus? What is the importance of this process?

A: The process of transforming the components of a virus into organized particles and thereby…

Q: Can herpes virus transmit the viral genome through generations within a cell lineage ?

A: Herpes virus's linear viral DNA enters the nucleus after infection and turns circular to form the…

Q: How does the wavelength of light relate to its energy? What are the two main types of viral…

A: The sun is the ultimate source of energy. Sunlight consist of many waves of lights having different…

Q: Assume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you…

A: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or RNA polymerase or replicase is an enzyme that catalyzes the…

Q: What is the basic structure of the HIV virus? What is the function of the glycoproteins of its…

A: HIV is known as Human Immuno Deficiency Virus, the agent of AIDS which belongs to the lentivirus…

Q: Compare the structure of an icosahedral capsid with that of a helical capsid. How do pentamers and…

Q: The RNA genomes of some RNA viruses resemble the messenger RNA (mRNA) of their eukaryotic hosts.…

A: Answer- There are many viruses that have RNA as a genome called retro viruses. Their genome can be…

Q: What is unique about the life cycle of a retrovirus?

A: A virus is a microscopic parasite that can replicate and reproduce only inside living cells. The…

Q: What is the significance of the length of a typical viral genome?

A: A virus refers to an infectious particle which can infect a variety of host including humans,…

Q: Why are retroviruses so named? What is required to carry outthis process?

A: Retroviruses are the group of viruses that belong to the Retroviridae family and carry their genetic…

Q: What is the virus transmission, the morphology and the family name of the virus that causes West…

A: West Nile virus is a single stranded virus that causes West Nile fever. Their primary host are birds…

Q: Draw a diagram of the one-step growth curve ofvirus replication, and briefly explain why the…

A: The bacteria and viruses are totally different from each other. They are different from each other…

Q: If you must create a drug or prescribe a healthy food or drink to target the Covid virus, what part…

A: Viruses are simple, noncellular entities consisting of one or more molecules of either DNA or RNA…

Q: According to their genome structure, the following viruses are correctly classified EXCEPT? a.…

A: Viruses are the obligate parasites. They are found to be of non living nature outside the host.

Q: The envelope of an enveloped virus is derived from a. The lysosome of the cell b. The cell membrane…

A: A virus in an envelope or outer covering. The infected cell, or host, produces this envelope via a…

Q: Compare how retroviruses solve the problem of replicating an RNA genome in a eukaryotic host with…

A: Retrovirus. infectious particles. contains an RNA genome packaged during a supermolecule capsid,…

Q: What is the function of the protein spikes on a virus?

A: Spike proteins or peplomer are proteins that are present in the outer layer/ envelope of the virus.…

Q: When scientists first discovered SARS-COV2, they were able to generate a sequence of the viral…

A: DNA sequencing DNA sequencing it a method to determine the exact position of DNA bases…

Q: explain briefly the steps involved in the viral multiplication cycle. How is each step important?…

A: The virus is an intracellular obligate infective agent that mainly consists of a nucleic acid…

Q: Why do the two types of viruses differ if each has plus configuration single stranded RNA as its…

A: Hi, Thanks For Your Question. Ans : RNA Viruses Have Very High Mutation Rates Because Viral RNA…

Q: During infection of a cell by Coronavirus, the N protein is: found on the outer surface of the…

A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: Given that COVID19 has a single strand RNA for its genome, the number of rounds required to complete…

A: COVID 19 is a SARS virus which causes epidemiological disease called corona virus.

Q: Poxviruses are unusual among DNA viruses because their replication cycles takes place entirely in…

A: Introduction The Family Parvoviridae Includes Parvoviruses, Which Are A Group Of Animal Viruses.…

Q: Which one of the numbers below is the minimum number of capsomer proteins to make a spherical virus?

A: The correct option is - 60

Q: Why do both hepadnaviruses and retroviruses requirereverse transcriptase when their genomes are…

A: Viruses are obligate parasites and have a capsid to surround the genome.

Q: we can stop the biosynthesis stage of the viral life cycle (not the stages before it) by…

A: The virus life cycle in a host involves few stages: they are: Aattachment of phage to the surface…

Q: What is the structure of a virus?

A: Introduction: The structure of a virus mainly consists of genetic material which is protected by a…

Q: a. How are viral envelopes formed? Why are enveloped viruses that infect plants and bacteria rare?…

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: What are the structural components of a virus?

A: A virus is a non-cellular organism with an RNA or DNA genome encased in a virus-coded protein coat.…

Q: Larger viruses usually have a double-stranded genome, whereas small viruses typically have a…

A: Only a single nucleic acid molecule is found in all double-stranded DNA genomes, and only a few…

Q: What are the four properties that define a virus? What is a virion?

A: Virus is defined as the infectious microbes which contains genetic material and it is surrounded by…

Q: Describe the lysogenic pathway of a virus. How different is it from the lytic pathway?

A: Viruses They are microscopic microorganisms. They can multiply only inside the host cell as they…

Q: What evolutionary advantage would a retrovirus gain by having the ability to regulate the sites of…

A: Retrovirus is a virus, which carries ribonucleic acid (RNA) as its genetic material, along with…

Q: Describe each way viruses may be classified. And Define each of the following parts of a virus,…

A: Capsid - A capsid is a virus's protein coating that encases its genetic material. It is built up of…

Q: Explain how a retrovirus, which has an RNA genome, is able to integrate its genetic material into…

A: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is present as the genetic material in retroviruses. Genetic material of…

Q: Which of the following proteins would you expect a mutation in for a virus to infect a new host…

A: Virus are the obligate intracellular parasites, which are of two types RNA and DNA.

Concept explainers

Virus

Viruses are infectious microscopic agents that can only reproduce in live cells of animals, plants, or microbes and are smaller than bacteria. Vertebrates, invertebrates, plants, protists, and fungi are among their many hosts. Viruses are unable to multiply on their own due to the lack of necessary cellular machinery, but they can guide the cell machinery of a host to make additional viruses by infection. The virus enters and attaches to a particular host cell, injects its genetic material, and reproduces by using the host’s genetic material. Viruses cause infection by taking entry into the host cell and using the host cell’s enzymes and raw materials to multiply.

Question

100%

Coronaviruses have a positive-sense single stranded RNA genome.

a.) What is the genome replication strategy of this category of viruses?

b.) How do you think this feature affects the stability of the viral genome? (hint use figure below)

Mutation rates in different types of viruses. Estimates obtained for viruses belonging to the major indicated groups are shown as a function of genome size. This reveals an effect of genetic material (RNA/DNA) and genome size on viral mutation rates.

103
A (+)RNA
v (-)RNA
O dsRNA
O retrovirus
O SSDNA
O dsDNA
104
105
10-6 -
10-7
108
103
104
105
106
Genome size (bases)
Per-base mutation rate

Expert Solution

This question has been solved!

Explore an expertly crafted, step-by-step solution for a thorough understanding of key concepts.

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Genome Replication Strategy

VIEW

Stability of the genome

VIEW

Step by step

Solved in 2 steps

SEE SOLUTION Check out a sample Q&A here

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Similar questions

U UUU UAU 11yr Phe UUC UUA Leu UUG Jle UCU UCC UCA UCG UGU UGC Cys UGA Stop UAG Skop UGG Trp UAC Ser UAA Stop CUU CUC CỦA CUG CAU JHis CAC CGU CGC CGA CGG CCC Leu Pro Arg ССА Delete CCA CG CAA CAG JGIN Gln AUU AUC le AUA AUG Met AGU 1 Ser AGC AGA AGGJArg 1. ACU ACC The ACA ACG AAU M AAC AAA AAG Jlys JAun ATG AAC TAC CTA GGG ACA GAU JAsp GAC GAA GAG JGlu GUU GUC Val G GUA GCU GCC GCA Ala GCG GGU GGC Gly ATG ACC TAG GGA CA GGA GGG GUG G. Compare translation before and after the deletion. What effect might it have on gene function? Asp Daspartic acid lleI isolcucine Thr T threonine Leu L leucine Ser S serine Туr Y tyrosine Glu E glutamic acid Phe F phenylalanine Pro P proline His H histidine Lys K Arg R Gly G glycine lysine Ala A alanine arginine Cys C cysteine Trp W tryptophan Val V valine Gln Q glutamine Met M methionine Asn N asparagine Second Position UGU 1Cy UCU UCC Ser UCA UG UUU Phe UAU UAC Ty UAA Slop UGA Stop UAG Slop UGG Trp UGC UUC U UUA Leu ] low UUG CUU CÚC A Leu CCU CCC Pro…
EboV Strain 1 EboV Strain 1 (Circle the mutated bases) CCA TGT AAG TGG TTA mRNA Protein
Search (Option + Q) rences Review View Help Editing v A^ Dv A A A Question 1 During nucleic acid hybridization, the probe is labelled for DNA stability to increase probe-test DNA binding to identify the location of probe and the test DNA binding for amplification Question 2 10 IV 12 13 14 Which of the following best describes the trait in the pedigree? Question 2 options: X-linked dominant X-linked recessive autosomal domiant autosomal recessive
personal/eenongen_my_tnstate_edu/_layouts/15/doc.aspx?sourcedoc={a6b083c9-a226-4c31... O Search (Option + Q) Review View Help Editing v A BI U Ov =<=v 三 v ... Question 13 Zinc finger nuclease is a Gene editing tool: which uses a site-specific endonucleases containing a DNA-cleavage domain and a modular DNA-binding domain RNA-guided endonucleases programmable nucleases Exonuclease Question 14 Which elements are required for DNA to behave as a chromosome in yeast cells: a centromere an autonomous replicating sequence two telomeres Antibiotic selection marker Question 15 A series of such clones where the insert of each clone partially overlaps that of its neighbors with no gaps is known as a Clone Contig DNA fingerprinting A tiling path Genome MacBook Pro
Second letter A G UCU UCC UAU. Tyr UAC. UUU1 Phe UUC. UUA UUG. UGC Ser }Leu UAA Stop UGA Stop UAG Stop |UGG Trp UCA UCG CAU His CUU CỤC CCU ССС ССА CGU CGC Arg Leu CÁCS Pro CỦA CUG CGA CAAGIN CGG, Gln CAG, CCG J AAU Asn ACU АСC АСА AUU AGU Ser AUC }le A AUA AAC. Thr А AGC AGA AUG Met | ACG ] AAG Lys AG. GUU GUC GCU GAU1 AAsp GACS Ala GAA GGU GGC GCC Val Gly GGA G GUA GCA GUG GCGJ GAG Glu GGG Which peptide is the least likely to be made on the ribosome and why? а. Third letter DUAG 5UAG DUAG DUAG First letter
ACG< QNA RNA type f base Tyre of Engan desry- bJA Seatwork: DNA or RNA strand ONA NH2 hnu - RU4 NH 4. N- 2 - NH2 но -р-о но- OH онон NH2 H2N 1. NH N: но но 0-P-0-P- OH OH онон
Part B - Viral Classification: The Baltimore Scheme The Baltimore classification scheme is based on the relationship between the virus' genome and its mRNA. For the following choices, indicate which viruses would fall into each classification: 1) require reverse transcriptase to copy the information in their own genome to DNA; 2) can replicate and be transcribed in the same manner as the cell's own genetic material; and 3) a replicative form of DNA must be produced and is used for both replication and transcription. Drag and drop choices to the bins they describe. double-stranded DNA viruses Requires reverse transcriptase double-stranded RNA viruses retroviruses double-stranded DNA viruses that have an RNA intermediate Functions similarly to cell's own genetic material plus-strand RNA viruses minus-strand RNA viruses Reset Help plus-strand DNA viruses Uses a replicative form of DNA
Answer the following 1.Are viruses living or non-living organisms? 2. What is the difference between HIV and AIDS? 3. HIV is classified as a retrovirus. What are retroviruses? 4. In your own words, provide a short summary of the HIV replication cycle. 5. Why is reverse transcriptase an important enzyme in the replication cycle of HIV? 6. In the chapter about enzymes, we have discussed how drugs are basically inhibitors. There are currently a multitude of Antiretroviral therapy (ART or ARV) options available to people living with HIV (PLHIV) so that the viral replication is suppressed and does not progress to AIDS. What do you think these drugs target? Discuss briefly. 7. SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes CoVid-19, belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Viruses under this family have a genome made of single-stranded positive-sense RNA. Is this similar to the viral genome of HIV? If so, do you think that – in theory – they would have similar replication cycles? 8. In your own opinion, do…
Name a nucleoside analog. Explain how that nucleoside analog works. Which viruses are effectively treated by that nucleoside analog?
I want to know how can I make RNA transcript through next dna sequencing. 5'ATGATCTTTAAAGGGCCC 3'
For the mutations described below, categorize them in each of the following ways: [transition, transversion, insertion, or deletion]; [synonymous, missense, nonsense, frameshift, or regulatory]; [beneficial, deleterious, or neutral] A mutation in the SARS-CoV2 virus changes a codon in the gene encoding the spike protein from AAG to AAC. This mutation increases the ability of the virus to spread from person to person. Becker muscular dystrophy results in progressive wasting of skeletal and heart muscle tissue. A patient is found to have a mutation in the dystrophin gene (DMD) in the first nucleotide of intron 25. Normally, a G is in this position, but the patient has an A. Fur color in house cats is affected by several genes that encode pigment-producing enzymes. One such gene is found to have an additional C after position 45 in orange cats but not in black cats.
Can you please pick the right answer in each parentheses? The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a carbohydrate-modified protein that ["bind the RNA genome of the virus", "", "is on the surface of the viral particle", ""] and plays a role in both ["replication of the viral genome", "recognition of host cell"] and ["packaging of viral genome for export", "fusion of viral envelope with host cell plasma membrane"] . Importantly, earlier work on spike proteins from other corona viruses showed that this molecule ["remarkable resistance to immune response", "shows remarkable conformational changes"] and only one of these served as a good antigen for vaccine development. A critical discovery in advancing the development of our current vaccines was determining what changes in the amino acid sequence would ["block degradation of the spike protein", "stabilize the conformation of the protein found on the viral particle"]. This…