Construct a circular chromosome map and show the direction of the transfer and various locations of integrated F factors for each Hfr strain.

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Q: Define restriction point,

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Q: Briefly explain the differences between F+, F−, Hfr, and F′ cells.

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Q: Describe how an Hfr strain can transfer portions of the  bacterial chromosome to recipient cells?

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Q: If these two genes were very far apart on the bacterial chromosome, how would the results have been…

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A:

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Mitochondrial Mutations

A mitochondrion is a cellular organelle that serves as the site for cellular respiration and energy production (ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate). It is a double-membrane-bound organelle and is only present in eukaryotic cells.