Consider the following reaction at equilibrium at 25 degrees Celsius: C(a) + H2O(g) --><-- CO(g) + H2(g)  deltaHrxn = +131.3 kJ•mol^-1  Which of the following changes will favor an increase in H2(g) production? Select all that apply  (i) decreasing the temperature  (ii) decreasing the volume  (iii) removing some CO(g)  (iv) adding some C(s)

9.83 A student performing a calorimetry experiment combined 100.0 mL of 0.50 M HCl and 100.0 mL of 0.50 M NaOH in a coffee cup calorimeter. Both solutions were initially at 20.0°C, but when the two were mixed, the temperature rose to 23.2°C. (a) Suppose the experiment is repeated in the same calorimeter but this time using 200 mL of 0.50 M HCl and 200.0 mL of 0.50 M NaOH. Will the T observed he greater than, less than, or equal to that in the first experiment, and why? (b) Suppose that the experiment is repeated once again in the same calorimeter, this time using 100 mL of 1.00 M HCl and 100.0 mL of 1.00 M NaOH. Will the T observed he greater than, less than, or equal to that in the first experiment, and why?

The equilibrium constant for a certain reaction increases by a factor of 6.67 when the temperature is increased from 300.0 K to 350.0 K. Calculate the standard change in enthalpy (H) for this reaction (assuming H is temperature-independent).

What determines Ssurr for a process? To calculate Ssurr at constant pressure and temperature, we use the following equation: Ssurr = H/T. Why does a minus sign appear in the equation, and why is Ssurr inversely proportional to temperature?

Elemental boron, in the form of thin fibers, can be made by reducing a boron halide with H2. BCl3(g) + 3/2 H2(g) B(s) + 3HCl(g) Calculate H, S, and G at 25 C for this reaction. Is the reaction predicted to be product favored at equilibrium at 25 C? If so, is it enthalpy driven or entropy driven?

Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.

The free energy change, G, for a process at constant temperature and pressure is related to Suniv and reflects the spontaneity of the process. How is G related to Suniv? When is a process spontaneous? Nonspontaneous? At equilibrium? G is a composite term composed of H, T, and S. What is the G equation? Give the four possible sign combinations for H and S. What temperatures are required for each sign combination to yield a spontaneous process? If G is positive, what does it say about the reverse process? How does the G = H TS equation reduce when at the melting-point temperature of a solid-to-liquid phase change or at the boiling-point temperature of a liquid-to-gas phase change? What is the sign of G for the solid-to-liquid phase change at temperatures above the freezing point? What is the sign of G for the liquid-to-gas phase change at temperatures below the boiling point?

A process that is reactant-favored at equilibrium can never be spontaneous. This statement is (a) true (b) false

Indicate whether each statement below is true or false. If a statement is false, rewrite it to produce a closely related statement that is true. For a given reaction, the magnitude of the equilibrium constant is independent of temperature. If there is an increase in entropy and a decrease in enthalpy when reactants in their standard states are converted to products in their standard states, the equilibrium constant for the reaction must be negative. The equilibrium constant for the reverse of a reaction is the reciprocal of the equilibrium constant for the reaction itself. For the reaction H2O2(ℓ) ⇌ H2O(ℓ) + O2(g) the equilibrium constant is one half the magnitude of the equilibrium constant for the reaction 2H2O2(ℓ) ⇌ 2H2O(ℓ) + O2(g)

Heater Meals are food packages that contain their own heat source, lust pour water into the heater unit, wait a few minutes, and voila! You have a hot meal. Mg(s) + 2 H2O() Mg(OH)2(s) + H2(g) (a) Confirm that this is a product-favored reaction at equilibrium at 25 C. (b) What mass of magnesium is required to produce sufficient energy to heat 225 mL of water (density = 0.995 g/mL) from 25 C to the boiling point?