Consider the complete combustion of butane, C4H10, for use in hand held lighters. Write the complete balanced reaction with phase symbols. Assume water in the gas 5. a. phase is produced. b. Calculate the AHrxn for the reaction you wrote using average bond energies. AHrxn = En:AHbonds broken (reactants) - EnpAHbonds formed (products) Table 9.2 Average Bond Energles (kJ/mol) and Bond Lengths (pm) Bond Energy Length Bond Energy Length Bond Energy Length Bond Energy Length Single Bonds H-H Si-H Si-Si S-H S-S S-F 74 N-H 347 134 323 226 368 432 391 101 148 H-F 5ర 92 N-N 160 146 234 266 204 H-CI 427 127 N-P 209 177 Si-O 161 327 158 H-Br 363 271 201 Si-S Si-F 141 N-O 201 144 226 210 S-CI S-Br S-I H-I 295 161 N-F 272 139 565 156 218 225 -170 Si-CI Si-Br Si-I N-CI 200 191 381 204 234 C-H 413 109 N-Br 243 214 310 216 C-C 347 154 N-1 159 222 234 240 F-F 159 143 C-Si 301 186 F-CI 193 166 F-Br 212 178 0-H 0-P C-N 305 147 467 96 P-H 320 142 C-O 358 143 351 160 P-Si 213 227 F-I 263 187 CI-CI CI-Br 243 215 208 199 214 264 187 0-0 204 148 P-P 200 221 156 151 142 C-S 259 181 0-S 265 P-F 490 0-F P-CI 331 204 C-I 243 190 203 C-F 453 133 C-CI 339 177 0-CI 164 P-Br 272 222 Br-Br 193 228 246 Br-I 175 248 0-Br 0-I C-Br 276 194 234 172 P-1 184 C-I 216 213 234 194 1-1 151 266 Multiple Bonds NN NO N N CC 945 110 839 891 1070 614 134 418 122 121 C-N 615 127 607 120 CN 115 1020 106 745 123 498 121 CO 113 799 in CO2)
Thermochemistry
Thermochemistry can be considered as a branch of thermodynamics that deals with the connections between warmth, work, and various types of energy, formed because of different synthetic and actual cycles. Thermochemistry describes the energy changes that occur as a result of reactions or chemical changes in a substance.
Exergonic Reaction
The term exergonic is derived from the Greek word in which ‘ergon’ means work and exergonic means ‘work outside’. Exergonic reactions releases work energy. Exergonic reactions are different from exothermic reactions, the one that releases only heat energy during the course of the reaction. So, exothermic reaction is one type of exergonic reaction. Exergonic reaction releases work energy in different forms like heat, light or sound. For example, a glow stick releases light making that an exergonic reaction and not an exothermic reaction since no heat is released. Even endothermic reactions at very high temperature are exergonic.
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