consider that our recent recession seems to demonstrate that expenditures and incomes depend on each other. If markets do not self-adjust, how can a decline in spending lead to a negative process that ruins an economy? (Consider implications of gaps in the "Keynesian Cross" and/or the "Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Diagram" to illustrate your points.)

consider that our recent recession seems to demonstrate that expenditures and incomes depend on each other. If markets do not self-adjust, how can a decline in spending lead to a negative process that ruins an economy? (Consider implications of gaps in the "Keynesian Cross" and/or the "Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Diagram" to illustrate your points.)

MACROECONOMICS

14th Edition

ISBN:9781337794985

Author:Baumol

Publisher:Baumol

Chapter10: Bringing In The Supply Side: Unemployment And Inflation?

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 4TY

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If markets do not self-adjust, how can a decline in spending lead to a negative process that ruins an economy? (Consider implications of gaps in the "Keynesian Cross" and/or the "Aggregate Demand/Aggregate Supply Diagram" to illustrate your points.)
Figure 1: Hayek’s (Classical) AD-AS Model Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate Demand. Retrieved from http://economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate_demand.html Hayek says that markets will heal themselves and that government should not intervene. How does the AD-AS model reflect Hayek’s idea that governments cannot increase real GDP beyond the level that the free market economy is able to produce? Do you believe that the Hayek’s classical AD-AS model explain the factors that cause changes (shifts) in AS realistically? Why or why not? Figure 2: Keynes’s AD-AS Model Economics Online. (n.d.). Aggregate supply. Retrieved from http://www.economicsonline.co.uk/Managing_the_economy/Aggregate+supply.html 2.1. In Figure 2 above, what are the factors that may cause the aggregate demand to shift from AD to AD1? What is the difference between demand pull inflation, cost push inflation and recession? 2.2. In macroeconomics, the immediate short run is known as a length…
A change in any factor that influences our planned expenditure other than the price level, brings a change in aggregate demand. One of these factors is fiscal and monetary policy.” In terms of the statement above, assess how fiscal and monetary policy influences aggregate expenditure in an economy. Use appropriate diagrams to motivate your answer.
Using a macroeconomics demand/supply analysis, where do you think current output is relative to what the economy is capable of producing? Look at recent trends in the data. What are the recent trends in the components of aggregate demand (consumption spending, investment spending, government purchases, and exports and imports?
Complete the following table by matching the macroeconomic assumptions about aggregate supply to the appropriate school of thought. Assumption Classical Keynesian Only an increase in aggregate demand can move an economy out of a recession and back to potential real GDP quickly. Product prices and wages tend to be inflexible. The following graph shows the aggregate demand (ADAD) and aggregate supply (ASAS) curves for a hypothetical economy that is currently operating below its full-employment output level. That is, the economy is currently in a recession. The aggregate supply curve (ASAS) in this diagram is consistent with the view of aggregate supply. According to this viewpoint, the government should spending in response to the recession. Shift the appropriate curve on the graph to illustrate the impact of this change in government spending. ADASPRICE LEVELREAL GDP (Trillions of dollars)AD AS The prescribed…
TRUE/FALSE According to our discussion of supply side economics, there are positive aggregate demand side effects and positive supply side effects, similar to what happened during the new economy.
At the end of the fourth quarter of 2022 (December 2022) was the United States economy operating in the Keynesian, intermediate, or neoclassical portion of the economy’s Short Run Aggregate Supply Curve? Explain. Compare the overall state of the economy at the end of 2022 (fourth quarter) to the fourth quarter of 2019 which you described in your Chapter 11 Discussion. * For the Chapter 11 discussion for the fourth quarter of 2019, I said that the economy was acting in neoclassical. This was my discussion post from last time: Potential GDP is defined as the amount of real GDP an economy can produce by fully employing its existing levels of labor, physical capital, and technology in the context of its existing market and legal institutions. The non-cyclical natural rate of unemployment is defined as the lowest level that a healthy economy can sustain without creating inflation. Before the spread of the pandemic, the state of the U.S. economy at the end of the 2019 before the spread of…
Use the following scenario for the next two questions. Suppose that the federal government decides to forgive all current (and future) outstanding student loans (estimated to total around $1.6 trillion as of early 2020). When thinking about the AD/AS model, which curve would this shift in the short-run, and in which direction? AD curve, to the left AD curve, to the right OSRAS curve only, to the right OSRAS and AD curves, to the left. OSRAS and LRAS curves, to the left
A neoclassical economist and a Keynesian economist are studying the economy of Vineland. It appears that Vineland is beginning to experience a mild recession with a decrease in aggregate demand. Which of these two economists would likely advocate that the government of Vineland take active measures to reverse this decline in aggregate demand? Why?
Keynesian economics predicts that if government policy makers deem current equilibrium real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to be "too low," then an appropriate policy action would be to do nothing, because the economy is self-adjusting. raise government spending, thereby increasing aggregate demand and pushing up real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with little or no inflationary consequences. increase taxes, thereby causing aggregate demand to increase and inducing a rise in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) with little or no inflationary consequences. reduce the money stock, thereby causing aggregate demand to decrease and inducing a rise in fall in the price level that generates an increase in total planned expenditures.
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Suppose that the federal government decides to reduce the budget deficit and cuts government purchases by $200 billion and raise personal income taxes by $200 billion. Suppose the MPC = .5. a. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the government spending cut? b. How much and in which direction would the AD curve shift because of the tax increase? Show your work. c. Using the above numbers, draw the AS-AD diagram and illustrate the short-run impact of the combined policy action assuming the economy begins at potential output. Label the original equilibrium with point "A" and the new short-run equilibrium with point "B". d. Describe the impact of the policy action on employment/unemployment, spending, and prices/inflation. Be sure to include the impact of the spending multiplier. e. In moving from points "A" to point "B" on the AS-AD diagram, why do firms change their production? f. Characterize the labor market at point "B". g. Describe the process of…