Consider a gene in the mitochondrial genome that codes for a channel protein in the inner membrane that allows magnesium ions to travel freely across. If a mutation in that gene resulted in this protein allowing H+ to pass through it rather than magnesium, what would be the consequence for cellular respiration?
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Consider a gene in the mitochondrial genome that codes for a channel protein in the inner membrane that allows magnesium ions to travel freely across. If a mutation in that gene resulted in this protein allowing H+ to pass through it rather than magnesium, what would be the consequence for
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- The mitochondrial membrane potential is an indicator of cell viability. Think about mitochondrial function and decide which of these statements best describes the mitochondrial membrane potential. a.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the outer mitochondrial membrane b.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the outer mitochondrial membrane c.) A voltage that reflects the movement of protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane d.) A voltage that reflects the movement of ATP across the inner mitochondrial membraneLeghemoglobin is a globin protein found in the roots of Legume plants inoculated with Nitrogen fixing bacteria. Leghemoglobin has a binding affinity for oxygen 20 times greater than myoglobin. What function might Leghemoglobin have in the roots of the plant for Nitrogen fixing bacteria? (Hint: The enzyme that catalyzes Nitrogen fixation can also bind O2 , which is not ideal for the enzyme)Only 37 of the proteins in mitochondria are encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. The other proteins are encoded in nuclear DNA, then translated and transported to the mitochondria. Describe one unique feature of protein transport across mitochondrial membranes.
- Leigh syndrome is characterized by psychomotor regression: that is, the progressive loss of mental andmovement abilities. Patients also suffer from lacticacidosis, a condition in which mitochondrial respiration is deficient, so their tissues metabolize glucoseanaerobically, leading to the buildup of lactate. Somepatients with Leigh syndrome have a mutation in themitochondrial gene MT-CO3, which encodes a subunit of the electron transport complex cytochromec oxidase. Other patients diagnosed with Leigh syndrome have a loss-of-function mutation in the nucleargene SURF1, which encodes a factor needed for theassembly of this same enzyme complex.a. How can the same symptoms result from mutationsin a mitochondrial gene and from mutations in anuclear gene?In human cells, where does fatty acid elongation (that is, beyond the C16:0 normally produced by fatty acid synthase) occur? a)On the outer (cytosolic) face of the outer mitochondrial membrane b)On the outer (cytosolic) face of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane c)Free in the cytosol d)In the mitochondrial matrixMutations that prevent Bax and Bak from interacting with the outer mitochondrial membrane would prevent the release of cytochrome c and inhibit intrinsic apoptosis. prevent the release of cytochrome cand promote assembly of the apoptosome. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote intrinsic apoptosis. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote the assembly of the apoptosome. trigger the release of cytochrome c and promote the cleavage of procaspase-8.
- Explain the reason why mitochondria requires a special translocator to import proteins across the outer membrane, when the membrane already has porins.In the 1930s, some physicians prescribed low doses of a compound called dinitrophenol (DNP) to help patients lose weight. This unsafe method was abandoned after some patients died. DNP uncouples the chemiosmotic machinery by making the lipid bilayer of the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+. Chemical agents that cause this effect are called uncouplers. Explain how this could cause weight loss and also death. Considering the danger, is there any use for compounds like DNP or other uncouplers?Which of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes? A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced. B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP. C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+. E. All of the above are true
- A)Carrier of the activated amino acids to the ribosomes for incorporation into the growing peptide chain. B)Molecule that attaches to myosin and actin during muscle contraction. C)The reduced cofactor important in the TCA cycle and used in the last part of respiration. Please identify the terms.The fatty acid side chains of the phospholipids in the inner mitochondrial membrane exhibit a large proportion of multiple unsaturations. As a result, will the membrane be hydrophobic or hydrophilic? Also will it be more fluid or more rigid? How do these characteristics help explain the observation that the inner membrane is impermeable to ions such as Mg2+ and Cl–? Hint: what moves these ions through the membrane?You have been transported into the future, where a nanosensor can be inserted into a living cell and subsequently travel into any organelle. The sensor relays information stating that it has lodged itself in a compartment of the mitochondrion, where there is a concentration gradient of hydrogen ions (H+) and levels of ATP production are high. From what you know about cellular respiration in mitochondria, where is the sensor lodged? (a) inner mitochondrial membrane (b) mitochondrial matrix (c) chloroplast stroma (d) cell cytoplasm (e) plasma membrane