Consider a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) used for a first-order exothermic reaction. The system is initially controlled by a proportional (P) controller to maintain the reactor temperature. Over time, it is observed that the system has a steady-state error and is sensitive to disturbances.Explain why a proportional controller alone may not be adequate for controlling the reactor temperature.How would introducing integral (I) action improve the system? Describe the role of the integral term in reducing steady-state error.Finally, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating derivative (D) action into the control system, making it a PID controller. Under what conditions might adding a derivative term be beneficial or detrimental for the control of the CSTR?

A Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) is commonly used in chemical engineering for carrying out…

Answered: Consider a continuous stirred-tank…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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Consider a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) used for a first-order exothermic reaction. The system is initially controlled by a proportional (P) controller to maintain the reactor temperature. Over time, it is observed that the system has a steady-state error and is sensitive to disturbances.

Explain why a proportional controller alone may not be adequate for controlling the reactor temperature.
How would introducing integral (I) action improve the system? Describe the role of the integral term in reducing steady-state error.
Finally, discuss the advantages and disadvantages of incorporating derivative (D) action into the control system, making it a PID controller. Under what conditions might adding a derivative term be beneficial or detrimental for the control of the CSTR?

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