ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780190931919
Author: NEWNAN
Publisher: Oxford University Press
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## Government-Imposed Tax on Market Equilibrium

### Graph Analysis of After-Tax Market Equilibrium

This graph depicts the effects of a government-imposed tax on a market, showing the shifts in supply and demand curves. The labeled points and areas represent critical components of the market dynamics:

1. **Axes**:
   - The vertical axis represents the **Price (Dollars per blinkie)**.
   - The horizontal axis represents the **Quantity (Blinkies)**.

2. **Curves**:
   - The **Demand** curve slopes downward from left to right, indicating that as the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases.
   - The **Supply** curve slopes upward from left to right, indicating that as the price increases, the quantity supplied increases.

3. **Equilibrium Points**:
   - The **pre-tax equilibrium** is where the original supply and demand curves intersect.
   - The **after-tax equilibrium** points are indicated by grey star symbols. These denote the new intersection points of the supply and demand curves after a tax has been placed on the market.

4. **Price Changes**:
   - **Pre-tax Equilibrium Price**: This original intersection sets the price and quantity without any tax intervention.
   - **Post-tax Price to Buyers** is reflected at point B (about $22.00).
   - **Post-tax Price to Sellers** is reflected at point E (about $14.00).
   
5. **Quantity Changes**:
   - **Pre-tax Quantity** is at the initial intersection of supply and demand curves.
   - **Post-tax Quantity** decreases to the new equilibrium (about 28 units).

6. **Areas**:
   - **A and F (Consumer and Producer Surplus Lost)**: These areas may represent the deadweight loss due to the tax, which is the loss of total surplus that results from the tax.
   - **B and D (Consumer and Producer Surplus with Tax)**: These areas indicate the remaining consumer and producer surplus after the tax.
   - **C (Tax Revenue)**: This area represents the government's tax revenue derived from the tax imposed on each unit sold.

### Instructions:
Complete the following table using the information extracted and interpreted from the graph.

---

This detailed analysis should help students understand the impact of government-imposed taxes on market equilibrium, highlighting the shifts and changes in price, quantity, and welfare within the market.
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Transcribed Image Text:## Government-Imposed Tax on Market Equilibrium ### Graph Analysis of After-Tax Market Equilibrium This graph depicts the effects of a government-imposed tax on a market, showing the shifts in supply and demand curves. The labeled points and areas represent critical components of the market dynamics: 1. **Axes**: - The vertical axis represents the **Price (Dollars per blinkie)**. - The horizontal axis represents the **Quantity (Blinkies)**. 2. **Curves**: - The **Demand** curve slopes downward from left to right, indicating that as the price decreases, the quantity demanded increases. - The **Supply** curve slopes upward from left to right, indicating that as the price increases, the quantity supplied increases. 3. **Equilibrium Points**: - The **pre-tax equilibrium** is where the original supply and demand curves intersect. - The **after-tax equilibrium** points are indicated by grey star symbols. These denote the new intersection points of the supply and demand curves after a tax has been placed on the market. 4. **Price Changes**: - **Pre-tax Equilibrium Price**: This original intersection sets the price and quantity without any tax intervention. - **Post-tax Price to Buyers** is reflected at point B (about $22.00). - **Post-tax Price to Sellers** is reflected at point E (about $14.00). 5. **Quantity Changes**: - **Pre-tax Quantity** is at the initial intersection of supply and demand curves. - **Post-tax Quantity** decreases to the new equilibrium (about 28 units). 6. **Areas**: - **A and F (Consumer and Producer Surplus Lost)**: These areas may represent the deadweight loss due to the tax, which is the loss of total surplus that results from the tax. - **B and D (Consumer and Producer Surplus with Tax)**: These areas indicate the remaining consumer and producer surplus after the tax. - **C (Tax Revenue)**: This area represents the government's tax revenue derived from the tax imposed on each unit sold. ### Instructions: Complete the following table using the information extracted and interpreted from the graph. --- This detailed analysis should help students understand the impact of government-imposed taxes on market equilibrium, highlighting the shifts and changes in price, quantity, and welfare within the market.
### Understanding the Impact of Taxation on Market Equilibrium

#### Introduction
This section aims to help students understand the changes in market equilibrium and welfare distribution due to the imposition of a tax, using graphical representation and data tables.

---

#### Graph Explanation
The provided graph depicts the market for "Blinkies" with the quantity on the x-axis and price on the y-axis. Key points illustrated are:

- **Equilibrium Quantity Before Tax:** Initially, the market equilibrium quantity is shown at 36 units of Blinkies.
- **Quantity Change After Tax:** With the imposition of tax, the quantity decreases to 28 units.

The graph illustrates areas representing various economic concepts such as consumer surplus, producer surplus, and deadweight loss.

---

#### Data Table Completion

Students should use the graph to fill in the following table:

**Results Table**

| Result                                | Value                   |
|---------------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Price consumers pay after tax         | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_   |
| Per-unit tax                          | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_   |
| Equilibrium quantity before tax       | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_   |

---

#### Economic Impact Analysis

In the subsequent table, match the correct areas on the graph to the relevant economic concept based on their locations and shapes on the graph.

**Concept Identification Table**

| Concept                                      | A    | B    | C    | D    | E    | F    |
|----------------------------------------------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
| Deadweight loss after the tax is imposed     | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   |
| Producer surplus after the tax is imposed    | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   |
| Consumer surplus before the tax is imposed   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   | ☐   |

---

#### Detailed Concept Explanation

- **Deadweight Loss After Tax:** Represents the lost welfare because taxes create a gap between the price consumers pay and the price producers receive, leading to a reduction in the traded quantity.
- **Producer Surplus After Tax:** The difference between what producers are willing to accept and what they actually receive after the tax is imposed.
- **
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Transcribed Image Text:### Understanding the Impact of Taxation on Market Equilibrium #### Introduction This section aims to help students understand the changes in market equilibrium and welfare distribution due to the imposition of a tax, using graphical representation and data tables. --- #### Graph Explanation The provided graph depicts the market for "Blinkies" with the quantity on the x-axis and price on the y-axis. Key points illustrated are: - **Equilibrium Quantity Before Tax:** Initially, the market equilibrium quantity is shown at 36 units of Blinkies. - **Quantity Change After Tax:** With the imposition of tax, the quantity decreases to 28 units. The graph illustrates areas representing various economic concepts such as consumer surplus, producer surplus, and deadweight loss. --- #### Data Table Completion Students should use the graph to fill in the following table: **Results Table** | Result | Value | |---------------------------------------|-------------------------| | Price consumers pay after tax | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | Per-unit tax | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | | Equilibrium quantity before tax | \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ | --- #### Economic Impact Analysis In the subsequent table, match the correct areas on the graph to the relevant economic concept based on their locations and shapes on the graph. **Concept Identification Table** | Concept | A | B | C | D | E | F | |----------------------------------------------|------|------|------|------|------|------| | Deadweight loss after the tax is imposed | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Producer surplus after the tax is imposed | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | | Consumer surplus before the tax is imposed | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | ☐ | --- #### Detailed Concept Explanation - **Deadweight Loss After Tax:** Represents the lost welfare because taxes create a gap between the price consumers pay and the price producers receive, leading to a reduction in the traded quantity. - **Producer Surplus After Tax:** The difference between what producers are willing to accept and what they actually receive after the tax is imposed. - **
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